Peeling skin following a sunburn is the body’s natural defense mechanism against severe ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage. When skin cells absorb too much UV light, their DNA is irreparably damaged. To prevent these compromised cells from potentially developing into cancer, the body initiates programmed cell death (apoptosis). Peeling is the shedding of these dead cells to make way for the underlying, undamaged layer of skin, signifying the start of the healing phase.
Immediate Steps for Relief and Hydration
Priority is to soothe the burn and restore moisture. Applying a cool compress or taking a cool bath reduces inflammation and draws heat away from the skin. Avoid using ice directly on the burn, as this causes further tissue damage. When bathing, use lukewarm or cool water and avoid harsh soaps or bath oils that dry out the skin.
After gently patting the skin dry with a soft towel—do not rub—immediately apply a moisturizing product while the skin is still damp to lock in water. Look for lotions or creams containing pure aloe vera or soy to soothe and reduce inflammation. For significant redness or swelling, a non-prescription 1% hydrocortisone cream can be applied for a few days. Avoid heavy, oil-based products like petroleum jelly initially, as these trap heat and worsen the burn.
Hydration must be addressed internally, as sunburn causes fluid loss and increases the risk of dehydration. Drinking extra water replenishes moisture lost through the damaged skin barrier. Anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen can also be taken to manage pain and reduce the body’s inflammatory reaction.
Proper Handling of Flaking Skin
The most important rule is to resist the urge to pick, pull, or manually peel the flaking skin. The dead layer serves a protective function, acting as a natural bandage over the tender, newly formed skin underneath. Removing this protective layer prematurely exposes the fragile tissue, which prolongs healing, increases the risk of infection, and may result in scarring.
Avoid any form of mechanical exfoliation, including loofahs or abrasive scrubs, as these tear away the skin before it is ready to shed. Instead, apply a thick, fragrance-free moisturizing cream multiple times a day to soften the dead skin edges, allowing them to detach naturally. If a piece of skin is detached except for a small anchor point, carefully trim only the loose edge using small, sterilized scissors. Do not pull or tear the skin; only snip the already separated portion.
Recognizing When Medical Attention is Necessary
Most peeling sunburns can be managed at home, but certain symptoms require professional medical care. Seek attention if the burn develops large, widespread blisters, especially on the face, hands, or genitals, as these may signal a deeper, second-degree burn.
Signs of Infection
Signs of infection include increasing pain, swelling, warmth, pus draining from the area, or red streaks spreading away from the burn site.
Systemic Symptoms
Systemic symptoms suggest heat exhaustion or dehydration. These warrant immediate medical evaluation and include high fever, chills, confusion, extreme dizziness, or persistent nausea and vomiting.