An ear piercing infection occurs when bacteria enter the open wound created by the piercing, leading to inflammation and discomfort. Minor irritations and infections are common, particularly with new piercings. Addressing an infection promptly can help prevent it from worsening and reduce the likelihood of further issues.
Identifying an Infected Piercing
Distinguishing between a normally healing piercing and an infected one involves observing specific signs. Initial mild redness, itching, tenderness, and clear crusting are often part of the body’s natural healing process. However, if the area around the piercing becomes increasingly red, swollen, or warm to the touch, these may indicate an infection.
Infection indicators include thick, yellow, green, or foul-smelling discharge. Unlike the clear fluid that might appear during normal healing, pus signals a bacterial buildup. Persistent or worsening pain, throbbing, or tenderness when touching the piercing also suggests an infection. In more serious cases, you might experience a fever or swollen lymph nodes near the ear.
Common Causes of Ear Piercing Infections
Ear piercings can become infected for several reasons, due to bacteria entering the fresh wound. Poor hygiene practices during the piercing process or aftercare are frequent culprits, including getting pierced with unsterilized equipment or in an unhygienic environment.
Touching the piercing with unwashed hands introduces bacteria. Trauma to the piercing site, such as snagging the jewelry, wearing earrings that are too tight, or excessive twisting, creates openings for infection. Some individuals may experience an allergic reaction to certain jewelry materials, like nickel, which can cause irritation and increase infection risk. Submerging the piercing in potentially dirty water, such as pools or hot tubs, before it has fully healed also leads to infection.
First Steps for Home Care
If you suspect your ear piercing is infected, immediate home care can help manage minor infections. Begin by thoroughly washing your hands with soap and warm water before touching the affected area. This prevents the transfer of additional bacteria to the piercing site.
Clean the piercing with a sterile saline solution, purchased or homemade (1/4 tsp non-iodized salt in 8 oz warm distilled water). Apply the solution to the piercing using a clean cotton ball or pad, gently cleaning around both sides of the ear. Avoid harsh chemicals like rubbing alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, or antibiotic ointments, as these can irritate the skin and delay healing.
Applying a warm compress to the infected area for about 15 minutes can help reduce swelling and discomfort. Soak a clean cloth or cotton ball in warm water. Unless advised by a healthcare professional, do not remove the jewelry, as this could cause the piercing hole to close and trap the infection inside. Repeat the cleaning and compress application two to three times daily.
When to See a Doctor
While minor ear piercing infections often respond to home care, certain symptoms require professional medical attention. Seek medical advice if redness or swelling spreads beyond the immediate area. Severe or throbbing pain that worsens despite home treatment also warrants medical attention.
A fever, especially if it exceeds 100.4°F (38°C), or chills, suggests the infection may be spreading systemically. Consult a doctor for thick, discolored pus or if the earring becomes embedded. If home care measures do not show improvement within 24 to 48 hours, or if you have a cartilage piercing that appears infected, seek medical evaluation. A doctor may prescribe oral antibiotics to treat more severe infections.
Preventing Future Infections
Preventing future ear piercing infections involves proper aftercare and hygiene. For new piercings, follow the specific aftercare instructions provided by your piercer, which typically includes cleaning the piercing twice daily with a saline solution.
Avoid touching the piercing unnecessarily, and always wash hands before contact. Choosing high-quality, hypoallergenic jewelry materials, such as surgical steel, titanium, or gold, can minimize irritation and allergic reactions. Ensure the piercing site remains dry after cleaning. Also avoid submerging the new piercing in bodies of water like pools, hot tubs, or lakes until it has fully healed.