Fast-acting insulin begins working rapidly, typically within 10 to 20 minutes, with effects lasting three to five hours. It is commonly taken before or with meals to manage post-eating blood glucose spikes. Too much fast-acting insulin can cause dangerously low blood sugar, known as hypoglycemia. Recognizing signs and responding quickly prevents serious health complications.
Recognizing the Signs of Low Blood Sugar
Hypoglycemia symptoms appear quickly and vary among individuals. Mild to moderate signs include shakiness, increased hunger, and tiredness. Other early indications can be sweating, dizziness, lightheadedness, or a rapid heart rate. Some individuals may also experience irritability, confusion, or tingling in the lips, tongue, or cheeks.
As blood glucose levels fall, symptoms become more severe. This can lead to extreme weakness, blurred vision, or difficulty concentrating. In severe cases, a person may become disoriented, unable to function, or lose consciousness. Seizures are also possible if blood sugar drops very low, requiring prompt action.
Immediate Actions to Take
If you experience low blood sugar symptoms, check your blood glucose level. If the reading is below 70 mg/dL, or if you have symptoms but cannot check, immediately consume 15 grams of a fast-acting carbohydrate. This “rule of 15” aims to raise blood sugar quickly. Examples include four ounces of fruit juice or regular soda, three to four glucose tablets, or one tablespoon of sugar, honey, or syrup.
After consuming carbohydrates, wait 15 minutes before rechecking your blood sugar. If your blood glucose is still below 70 mg/dL, consume another 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates. Continue until your blood sugar returns to a safe range. Once stabilized, if your next meal is not soon, eat a balanced snack or meal with carbohydrates and protein to maintain stable levels and prevent another drop.
When to Seek Emergency Medical Care
Immediate medical attention is necessary for severe low blood sugar. If someone becomes unconscious, unable to swallow, or experiences a seizure due to hypoglycemia, call emergency medical services immediately. In these severe instances, attempting to give food or liquid by mouth can lead to choking.
For severe hypoglycemia where a person cannot self-treat, a glucagon injection may be required. Glucagon is a hormone that causes the liver to release stored glucose, raising blood sugar levels. If a glucagon kit is available and someone knows how to administer it, give it promptly. Even after a glucagon injection, or if one is not available, seek emergency medical help.
Preventing Future Occurrences
Preventing future low blood sugar episodes involves careful management. Always double-check insulin doses before administration. Understanding your insulin’s characteristics, such as its onset and duration, is important for proper timing with meals.
Consistent blood sugar monitoring helps identify patterns and allows for timely adjustments to insulin doses or meal plans. Monitor regularly before and after meals, and before bedtime. Consulting your healthcare provider provides personalized guidance on insulin dosing, carbohydrate counting, and developing a comprehensive diabetes management plan to minimize future events.