Javelinas, also known as collared peccaries, are common wildlife found in parts of the southwestern United States, including Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. These hoofed mammals, often mistaken for pigs, belong to a distinct family and are characterized by their coarse, salt-and-pepper colored hair and a white “collar” around their neck. Understanding their natural behaviors is important for safe coexistence, as they are wild animals deserving of respect and caution. This guide provides advice on how to respond safely if you encounter a javelina.
Actions During an Encounter
If you encounter a javelina, maintain a safe distance of at least 50 yards. Never attempt to approach, pet, or feed them, as this can lead to them losing their natural fear of humans and may result in aggressive behavior. Their poor eyesight means they might appear to charge when simply trying to escape, so making your presence known is helpful.
Should a javelina approach you, make yourself appear larger by waving your arms and standing tall. Making loud noises, such as shouting, clapping, or stomping, can encourage them to retreat. As you do this, slowly back away without turning your back or running, as running can trigger a chase response. Javelinas possess sharp tusks and can inflict serious wounds if they feel threatened or cornered.
Protecting pets, especially dogs, is important during an encounter. Javelinas perceive dogs as predators, like coyotes, and can become aggressive towards them. Always keep dogs on a leash in areas where javelinas are present and be prepared to pick up smaller dogs if necessary. If a javelina charges, seeking immediate shelter, such as climbing a tree or entering a vehicle, is the safest course of action.
Preventing Future Encounters
Securing all potential food sources is a primary step to reduce javelina encounters on your property. This includes storing trash in secure, animal-proof containers and bringing pet food indoors, particularly at night. Javelinas are attracted to accessible food and water, which can lead to habituation to human areas.
Remove other attractants from your yard. Pick up any fallen fruit promptly and consider removing bird feeders that javelinas can access. Secure compost bins and address leaky outdoor faucets or standing water sources. Ensuring there are no easily accessible water sources helps deter them, especially during dry periods.
Sturdy fencing can be an effective physical barrier. A fence at least 3 to 4 feet high is recommended. For added deterrence against digging, the fence should be buried 8 to 12 inches into the ground. Intentionally feeding javelinas is strongly discouraged and can lead to aggressive behavior and potential fines, as it habituates them to humans.
Addressing Specific Situations
Javelinas with young are particularly protective. If you encounter a herd with young, give them extra space and avoid any actions that might be perceived as a threat. Mothers will defend their offspring vigorously.
If javelinas are lingering on your property, hazing them away from a safe distance can be effective. This can involve making loud noises, throwing small objects in their direction, or spraying them with water from a garden hose.
For injured, sick, or unusually aggressive javelinas, do not intervene yourself. Instead, contact local animal control, wildlife rehabilitation centers, or your state wildlife agency. These professionals are equipped to handle such situations safely. Reporting frequent javelina sightings in residential areas can assist wildlife agencies in monitoring populations and providing community guidance.