A sinus infection, also known as sinusitis, occurs when the tissues lining the air-filled spaces in the face, called sinuses, become inflamed. This inflammation can result from an infection caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi. During pregnancy, hormonal shifts and changes in immune function can increase susceptibility, leading to added discomfort. This guide provides information for managing sinus infections safely.
Identifying a Sinus Infection
Recognizing a sinus infection involves noting specific symptoms that persist or worsen. Individuals commonly experience pressure or pain around the eyes, forehead, and cheeks due to inflammation within the sinus cavities. Nasal passages often feel congested, making breathing difficult. Discolored nasal discharge, appearing yellow or green, is typical.
Headaches are also common. A cough, which can worsen at night, may develop as mucus drains down the back of the throat. Unlike a common cold, which usually improves within a week, sinus infection symptoms tend to linger for more than 7 to 10 days or might worsen after initial improvement. A cold can often precede a sinus infection.
Relief Through Home Care
Many home care approaches can help alleviate symptoms and promote healing. Saline nasal rinses or irrigation are effective for moistening nasal passages and clearing irritants. These can be prepared by mixing warm distilled or purified water with a small amount of salt and a pinch of baking soda, then used with a neti pot or similar device.
Steam inhalation helps loosen thick mucus and relieve congestion. This can be achieved by leaning over a bowl of hot water with a towel draped over the head, or by taking a warm shower. Using a humidifier, especially at night, adds moisture to the air, reducing nasal congestion and supporting sinus drainage. Regular cleaning is important to prevent mold or bacterial growth.
Applying warm compresses to the face can soothe pain and pressure. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids like water, broth, and citrus juices helps thin mucus, making it easier to clear. Adequate rest supports the body’s immune system in fighting the infection. Elevating the head with extra pillows while sleeping can help mucus drain more effectively, reducing nighttime congestion.
Understanding Safe Medications
It is important to consult a healthcare provider before taking any medication during pregnancy. Avoiding combination products that treat multiple symptoms is generally recommended, as they may contain ingredients unsuitable for pregnancy. Single-ingredient medications are often preferred to minimize risks.
Acetaminophen is generally considered a safe option for managing pain and fever during pregnancy. It is often recommended over nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, which are typically advised against. For nasal congestion, saline nasal sprays are widely regarded as safe and effective. Certain steroid nasal sprays, including budesonide, fluticasone, and mometasone, are also generally considered safe, particularly after the first trimester, due to minimal bloodstream absorption. Nasal decongestant sprays, like oxymetazoline, have limited research on their safety during pregnancy and are usually recommended only for severe congestion and very short-term use, typically no more than three days.
Oral decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine, are generally advised against, especially during the first trimester, due to potential associations with fetal abnormalities. If deemed necessary by a doctor, they might be considered for short-term use after the first trimester. Cough suppressants containing dextromethorphan are generally considered safe for short-term use. Avoid cough medicines that contain alcohol or codeine.
Expectorants, such as guaifenesin, are generally considered safe, but some studies indicate a potential, albeit low, increased risk of certain birth defects, leading some healthcare providers to suggest avoiding them during the first trimester. For allergy-related sinus issues, many antihistamines, especially second-generation types like loratadine and cetirizine, are considered safe for short-term use. Antibiotics are only prescribed if a bacterial infection is confirmed.
When to Consult Your Doctor
Seek medical attention if sinus infection symptoms do not improve with home care after 7 to 10 days, or if they worsen. Consult a doctor if a high fever develops, typically above 101°F (38°C). Severe facial pain, pressure, or headaches not relieved by home remedies warrant professional evaluation.
Other concerning signs include changes in vision or swelling around the eyes or forehead, as these could indicate a more serious condition. If there is a persistent cough, especially one that produces green or yellow mucus and appears to be worsening, seek medical advice. Difficulty eating or sleeping due to symptoms, or recurring sinus infections, also signals a need for a doctor’s visit. A healthcare provider can provide an accurate diagnosis and tailor a safe and effective treatment plan during pregnancy.