A concussion is a brain injury from a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body that causes the brain to move rapidly inside the skull. This sudden movement can lead to temporary changes in brain function. Vomiting after such an injury is a serious indicator that warrants immediate attention.
The Significance of Vomiting After a Concussion
Vomiting after a concussion is a significant symptom because it can signal increased pressure within the skull, also known as intracranial pressure (ICP), or a more serious brain injury such as bleeding or swelling. When the brain experiences trauma, swelling or bleeding can occur, which then puts pressure on brain tissues. This elevated pressure can directly stimulate the brain’s vomiting center, leading to nausea and emesis.
Beyond increased pressure, the forceful movement of the brain during an injury can disrupt normal brain function, including areas that regulate balance and motion. This disruption, particularly to the vestibular system, can send conflicting signals to the brain, triggering feelings of nausea and subsequently vomiting. While not every concussion results in vomiting, its occurrence elevates the concern for potential complications and necessitates prompt medical evaluation.
Immediate Actions and Emergency Care
If someone experiences vomiting after a head injury, seek emergency medical attention without delay. Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately if vomiting is repeated or accompanied by other severe symptoms. These “red flag” symptoms can indicate a more serious brain injury and include a severe headache that worsens, seizures, or loss of consciousness lasting longer than 30 seconds.
Other urgent signs are severe dizziness, problems with balance or walking, or severe confusion where the person struggles to recognize people or places. Additional concerning symptoms include clear fluid or blood draining from the nose or ears, slurred speech, or weakness or numbness in the arms or legs. Unequal pupil sizes, where one pupil is larger than the other, also indicates a medical emergency.
While waiting for medical help to arrive, it is important to monitor the individual closely and avoid leaving them alone. Observe for any changes in their condition, such as worsening symptoms, changes in behavior, or difficulty staying awake.
After Initial Medical Assessment
Once initial medical assessment is complete, the focus shifts to recovery. The recovery process typically involves a period of physical and cognitive rest, especially during the first 24 to 48 hours following the injury. This relative rest helps the brain to heal and involves limiting activities that demand significant concentration, such as extensive screen time, reading, or strenuous mental tasks.
Following this initial rest period, a gradual return to normal activities is recommended, provided symptoms do not worsen. This means slowly reintroducing daily routines, schoolwork, or light physical activities as tolerated. It is important to monitor for any return or worsening of symptoms during this progression. If symptoms reappear or intensify, the activity level should be reduced, and the individual should rest before attempting to progress again. Regular follow-up appointments with healthcare providers are important to monitor recovery progress and adjust the recovery plan as needed.