A broken blood vessel in the eye, medically known as a subconjunctival hemorrhage, occurs when one of the tiny blood vessels beneath the clear surface of the eye ruptures. While its appearance can be startling, manifesting as a bright red spot on the white of the eye, it is generally a harmless and common condition. The condition often looks more concerning than it is, typically resolving on its own without intervention.
Understanding a Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
A subconjunctival hemorrhage occurs when a small blood vessel ruptures beneath the conjunctiva, a thin, transparent membrane covering the white part of the eye (sclera) and the inside of the eyelids. When a vessel breaks, blood becomes trapped between the conjunctiva and sclera, forming a visible red patch.
This blood accumulation resembles a bruise, as the conjunctiva cannot quickly absorb it. Despite its appearance, a subconjunctival hemorrhage causes no pain or discomfort. Vision remains unaffected, and there is usually no eye discharge.
Common Causes
Subconjunctival hemorrhages often arise from everyday activities that temporarily increase pressure in the head or chest. These include vigorous coughing, forceful sneezing, straining during bowel movements, heavy lifting, vomiting, or even rubbing the eyes too vigorously.
Minor eye trauma, such as a poke or impact, can also be a direct cause. Certain underlying conditions or medications, like high blood pressure, diabetes, and blood-thinning medications (e.g., aspirin), can increase the risk of these hemorrhages.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most subconjunctival hemorrhages are benign, certain symptoms or circumstances warrant medical evaluation. Consult an eye care professional if the hemorrhage is accompanied by eye pain, a significant change in vision, or any discharge from the eye.
Medical attention is also appropriate if the hemorrhage occurred after significant head or eye trauma, as this could indicate a more serious underlying injury. Recurring hemorrhages, or a history of high blood pressure or a bleeding disorder, should also prompt a doctor’s visit.
Expected Recovery and Self-Care
A subconjunctival hemorrhage typically resolves on its own within one to three weeks, similar to how a bruise fades. During this healing period, the bright red patch may change color, gradually turning yellowish or green as the blood is reabsorbed by the body.
No specific medical treatment is usually required for a simple subconjunctival hemorrhage. To support comfort, individuals can use over-the-counter artificial tears if they experience a scratchy or irritated sensation. Avoid rubbing the eye, as this can cause further irritation or damage.