A squirrel bite can be concerning, despite these animals being common in many environments. While squirrels are not typically aggressive, bites can occur, particularly if they feel threatened or are accustomed to being fed by hand. Understanding the proper steps to take after a squirrel bite is important for minimizing potential health concerns.
Immediate First Aid
Prompt and thorough cleaning of a squirrel bite wound is important. Begin by thoroughly washing the affected area with soap and running water to flush out bacteria and reduce infection risk. After cleaning, gently pat the wound dry with a clean cloth or sterile gauze. Apply an antibiotic ointment to prevent bacterial growth, then cover the wound with a sterile bandage to keep it clean and protected as it heals.
Understanding Potential Risks
Even a seemingly minor squirrel bite carries potential health risks, primarily from bacterial infections, tetanus, and, rarely, rabies. Squirrels can carry various bacteria in their mouths that may cause localized infections at the bite site or more widespread issues if left untreated. These infections can lead to redness, swelling, increased pain, or the presence of pus.
Tetanus is another concern with any animal bite, including those from squirrels. The bacteria responsible for tetanus, Clostridium tetani, are commonly found in soil and can enter the body through a puncture wound. If a person’s tetanus vaccination status is not current, a bite breaking the skin creates an opportunity for this bacterium to cause serious neurological symptoms.
While squirrels can theoretically contract rabies, instances are rare. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that small rodents like squirrels are almost never found to be infected or transmit the disease to humans in the United States. However, if a squirrel exhibits unusual behavior, such as unprovoked aggression, disorientation, or paralysis, it warrants consideration for rabies assessment due to the seriousness of the disease if contracted.
When Professional Medical Care Is Needed
Seeking professional medical attention is advised in several situations following a squirrel bite. If the wound is deep, a puncture, or bleeds severely, medical evaluation is necessary to assess the extent of the injury and ensure proper cleaning and closure. Wounds located on sensitive areas like the face, hands, or feet also warrant prompt medical assessment due to a higher risk of infection and potential functional impairment.
Signs of infection developing after a bite, such as increasing redness, swelling, warmth, pain, or the presence of pus or foul-smelling discharge, indicate the need for immediate medical care. A healthcare provider can then determine if antibiotics are required to treat or prevent bacterial infection. If your tetanus vaccination status is uncertain or if it has been more than five years since your last booster, a medical professional can administer a tetanus shot to ensure protection. If the biting squirrel displayed unusual or aggressive behavior, or if you have rabies concerns, a doctor can provide a risk assessment and recommend post-exposure prophylaxis if indicated, though this is uncommon for squirrel bites.