A burst hemorrhoid typically refers to a thrombosed external hemorrhoid that ruptures, releasing the trapped blood clot. This event can be alarming because it often involves a sudden release of bright red or dark, clotted blood. While the bleeding is a natural consequence of the pressure release, it can appear significant. The rupture frequently brings immediate relief from the severe pain caused by the internal pressure of the clot. Understanding that this is often a manageable event is the first step in addressing the situation.
Immediate Steps After Rupture
The first priority is to control the bleeding, which is usually brief but can be startling. Gently apply clean, steady pressure to the area using a soft cloth, gauze, or a sanitary napkin. This gentle compression helps facilitate the natural clotting process.
Next, the area must be cleaned very gently to prevent contamination and infection, as the rupture creates an open wound. Use warm water and mild soap, or simply a sitz bath, to rinse the area, avoiding any harsh scrubbing. Do not use dry toilet paper, which can irritate the wound; instead, use a moist, fragrance-free wipe or pat the area dry with a clean, soft towel afterward. Maintaining strict hygiene is paramount because of the proximity to fecal matter.
Post-Burst Comfort and Healing
Once the initial bleeding has stopped, focus shifts to soothing the discomfort and promoting tissue repair over the next few days. Warm sitz baths are effective for both cleansing and pain management. Soak the anal area in three to four inches of warm water for 15 to 20 minutes, several times a day and especially after a bowel movement.
The warm water helps to relax the anal sphincter muscle and increases blood flow to the perianal region, which aids the healing process. Over-the-counter topical treatments can also provide relief; applying witch hazel pads can soothe irritation and reduce swelling. For pain, oral acetaminophen is a suitable option.
It is important to avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen immediately after a rupture, as they can potentially increase bleeding. If the pain is severe, topical creams containing ingredients like lidocaine can provide targeted, temporary numbing relief. The healing process typically takes about a week.
Recognizing Signs of Complication
While most burst hemorrhoids heal without incident, monitoring for signs of complication is crucial. Seek immediate medical attention if the bleeding is heavy or prolonged, such as soaking through dressings quickly or lasting more than 10 to 15 minutes despite applying pressure. Continuous bleeding can be a sign of a more serious underlying issue requiring professional intervention.
Signs of infection must also be taken seriously, as the wound is easily contaminated. Symptoms like a fever, increased swelling, spreading redness, or the presence of pus or yellow discharge warrant urgent medical evaluation. Furthermore, if you experience signs of significant blood loss, such as persistent dizziness, lightheadedness, or faintness, emergency care should be sought immediately.
Reducing Risk of Future Incidents
Preventing future hemorrhoid incidents centers on regulating bowel movements and minimizing straining. A primary strategy involves increasing dietary fiber intake to soften stool consistency. Incorporating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains ensures that stools are easier to pass, which reduces the need to strain.
Adequate hydration is also required, as water works with fiber to prevent hard, dry stools. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to maintain optimal digestive health. Adopting proper toilet habits is equally important; avoid prolonged sitting on the toilet and respond promptly to the urge to have a bowel movement. These adjustments help to lower the pressure within the anal veins, decreasing the chance of another painful thrombosed hemorrhoid forming.