Welder’s eye burn, medically termed photokeratitis or arc eye, occurs when the eyes are exposed to intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation, similar to a sunburn on the skin. This condition primarily affects the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, and the conjunctiva, the membrane lining the eyelids and covering the white part of the eye.
Understanding the Symptoms
Photokeratitis symptoms typically manifest several hours after exposure, often between 6 to 12 hours, which means individuals might not immediately realize they have been affected. One of the most common sensations is a gritty feeling, as if sand or a foreign body is in the eye. This discomfort stems from damage to the epithelial cells on the surface of the cornea.
Accompanying the gritty sensation, individuals often experience redness and excessive tearing as the eyes attempt to heal from the UV exposure. Sensitivity to light, known as photophobia, is also a prominent symptom, making bright environments uncomfortable or even painful. Blurred vision, swelling around the eyes, and headaches can also develop.
First Aid and Home Relief Measures
Immediate self-care can alleviate discomfort. Moving to a dimly lit or dark room can provide immediate relief from light sensitivity and promote eye rest. It is important to avoid rubbing the eyes, as this action can worsen irritation and potentially cause further damage to the already compromised corneal surface. If contact lenses are worn, they should be removed promptly to allow the eyes to heal.
Applying cool, damp compresses to closed eyelids can help reduce swelling and soothe the burning sensation and pain. A clean cloth soaked in cold water and gently placed over the eyes is effective, but direct ice application should be avoided. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage the eye pain and associated headaches.
Using preservative-free artificial tears frequently can provide lubrication, reduce dryness, and soothe irritation. These lubricating drops mimic natural tears. While these measures offer symptomatic relief, they do not cure the underlying condition, which typically resolves on its own within 24 to 48 hours.
Knowing When to Get Medical Help
While photokeratitis often resolves without complications, certain symptoms warrant immediate professional medical evaluation. You should seek medical attention if the eye pain is severe and persistent, or if it is not relieved by over-the-counter medications. Any significant changes in vision, such as increased blurriness, difficulty focusing, or loss of visual acuity, also necessitate prompt medical care.
It is also important to consult a healthcare provider if symptoms persist for more than 24 to 48 hours despite home care measures, as this could indicate a more severe injury or complication. If there is any suspicion of a foreign body embedded in the eye, or if signs of infection like increased redness, swelling, or discharge develop, medical help is crucial. A doctor can accurately diagnose the condition, rule out other serious eye injuries that may present with similar symptoms, and prescribe stronger pain relief, antibiotic eye drops, or other appropriate treatments if needed. They might use a special dye, fluorescein, to highlight any damaged areas on the cornea.