Constipation is a common experience following surgical procedures. While it can cause discomfort during recovery, it is often manageable with appropriate strategies. Understanding its causes and how to address it can help ease the post-operative period.
Understanding Post-Surgery Constipation
Constipation after surgery stems from several factors. General anesthesia slows the digestive system, making bowel movements less frequent. Pain medications, particularly opioids, are a common cause, as they reduce gut motility.
Reduced physical activity during recovery also hinders intestinal function. Changes in diet, such as reduced fluid intake or insufficient fiber, contribute. The body’s stress response to surgery can also impact bowel function.
Lifestyle Approaches for Relief
Increasing fluid intake helps manage post-surgery constipation. Drinking water, clear broths, and herbal teas softens stools for easier passage.
Gradually incorporating fiber-rich foods promotes regular bowel movements. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains add bulk to stool and absorb water. Prunes and prune juice are known for their natural laxative properties.
Gentle movement encourages intestinal activity. Short walks around the hospital or home stimulate bowels and aid digestion. Establishing a regular bowel routine, like using the bathroom at similar times daily, can also help.
Medications and Other Treatments
Medications can relieve post-surgery constipation. Stool softeners, like docusate sodium (Colace), draw water into the intestines to moisten stool. They typically take a few days to show full effect.
Bulk-forming laxatives, such as psyllium (Metamucil), absorb water to add bulk. Use these with plenty of fluids, and note they may not be suitable if constipation is due to opioid use. Osmotic laxatives, including magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia) or polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX), draw water into the colon.
Stimulant laxatives, such as bisacodyl (Dulcolax) or senna, stimulate intestinal muscles to contract. These are generally used for more severe or persistent constipation.
Suppositories or enemas can provide quicker relief by softening stool and stimulating the rectum. It is important to consult with a doctor or pharmacist before using any medication for constipation after surgery.
When to Contact Your Doctor
While post-surgery constipation is common, some symptoms require medical attention. Contact your doctor for severe abdominal pain or bloating unrelated to your incision. Also call for persistent nausea or vomiting, especially with abdominal pain.
An inability to pass gas or have a bowel movement for over four days warrants a call. Other concerning symptoms include rectal bleeding, fever, or any new or worsening issues. These signs may indicate a more serious problem.