Ingrown fingernails occur when the edge of a nail grows into the surrounding skin. This condition can lead to discomfort and may affect daily activities. Understanding how to address and prevent ingrown fingernails can help manage this common issue. This article provides guidance on home care strategies, when to seek professional medical attention, and methods for preventing future occurrences.
Understanding Ingrown Fingernails
An ingrown fingernail develops when the side or corner of the nail curves downward and penetrates the soft skin alongside it. This often creates pressure or breaks the skin as the nail grows. Common reasons include improper nail trimming, such as cutting nails too short or rounding the edges, and physical trauma to the finger or nail. Wearing ill-fitting gloves or engaging in activities that put frequent pressure on the nails, like typing or using certain tools, can also contribute.
The initial signs of an ingrown fingernail include pain, tenderness, and redness around the affected area. As the condition progresses, swelling becomes noticeable, and the area feels sore to the touch. If the skin is broken, pus or fluid might drain, indicating a possible infection.
Safe Home Care Strategies
For mild ingrown fingernails without signs of infection, several home care strategies can provide relief and encourage proper nail growth. One effective method involves soaking the affected finger in warm, salted water for 15 to 20 minutes, two to three times daily. This helps soften the nail and surrounding skin, reducing inflammation and discomfort. After soaking, gently pat the finger dry with a clean towel.
Following the soak, gently lift the edge of the ingrown nail. A small piece of clean cotton or dental floss can be placed underneath the nail edge to separate it from the skin. This relieves pressure and guides the nail to grow over the skin rather than into it. The cotton or floss should be changed daily to maintain hygiene until the nail has grown sufficiently past the skin edge.
Applying an over-the-counter antibiotic ointment to the affected area after soaking and lifting helps prevent infection, especially if the skin is broken. Covering the area loosely with a clean bandage offers additional protection from germs. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can be taken to manage pain or tenderness. Maintaining good hand hygiene by regularly washing hands with soap and water and scrubbing under the nails is important to prevent further complications.
When to Seek Professional Help
While many ingrown fingernails can be managed at home, certain signs indicate professional medical attention is necessary. If there are clear signs of infection, such as increasing pain, spreading redness, warmth, or pus or foul-smelling fluid draining from the nail, a doctor should be consulted. These symptoms point to a bacterial or fungal infection that requires prescription medication.
Severe pain that makes it difficult to use the finger, or if the ingrown nail does not improve with home care after a few days, warrants a medical evaluation. Individuals with underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, poor circulation, or nerve damage, should seek professional care if an ingrown fingernail develops. These conditions can impair healing and increase the risk of serious complications, such as widespread infections. A healthcare provider may perform a minor procedure, such as partially removing the nail, or prescribe antibiotics to resolve the issue.
Preventing Future Occurrences
Preventing ingrown fingernails involves adopting proper nail care habits. Trimming fingernails straight across, avoiding cutting them too short or rounding the corners excessively, is recommended. This technique helps the nail grow forward naturally without digging into the surrounding skin. Using clean, sharp nail clippers is important to ensure a precise cut and reduce the risk of jagged edges.
Soaking nails in warm water before trimming softens them, making them easier to cut and reducing trauma. Protecting hands and nails from repeated trauma or pressure also helps. This includes wearing appropriate gloves for tasks that stress the fingers and being mindful of activities that frequently press on the nail bed. Consistent and careful nail maintenance significantly reduces the likelihood of developing future ingrown fingernails.