Magnetic Resonance Imaging, commonly known as an MRI scan, is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that provides detailed images of organs, soft tissues, bone, and virtually all other internal body structures. It uses a powerful magnetic field and radio waves to create these images, offering a radiation-free alternative to X-rays and CT scans. Preparing thoroughly for your MRI appointment helps ensure the procedure is safe, comfortable, and yields the clearest possible diagnostic images.
Medical Disclosure and Safety Precautions
Before an MRI, it is important to disclose all relevant medical information to your healthcare team, as the powerful magnetic field can interact with certain materials and conditions. Inform staff about any metallic implants such as pacemakers, defibrillators, cochlear implants, aneurysm clips, or neurostimulators. While many modern orthopedic implants like artificial joints, pins, screws, plates, and surgical staples are often MRI-safe, it is still important to inform the technologists and bring any implant information cards for verification.
Other metallic items like stents and surgical clips are often safe for MRI, but still require disclosure. Even small metal fragments, particularly those in or near the eye from occupations like welding or grinding, pose a risk due to potential movement and injury. Dental fillings and braces do not typically cause safety issues, but they can distort images of the head or face. Body piercings, jewelry, and any removable dental work must be taken out before entering the MRI suite.
Beyond metallic objects, disclose medical conditions such as kidney disease, especially if a contrast agent containing gadolinium is planned. While newer gadolinium-based contrast agents are often safe even for individuals with kidney disease or those on dialysis, older agents may pose risks. Your doctor may order blood tests to assess kidney function before administering contrast. It is also important to inform the team if you are pregnant or suspect you might be, as precautions are necessary. Communicate any history of allergies, particularly to contrast agents, and any previous surgeries.
Practical Preparations
For many MRI scans, you can eat, drink, and take your regular medications as usual unless instructed otherwise. However, for specific MRI scans, such as those of the abdomen, pelvis, or those involving contrast dye, fasting for 4 to 6 hours beforehand is often required to ensure clearer images and reduce the risk of nausea. Some cardiac MRIs also require a 24-hour caffeine restriction. Always adhere to the specific dietary instructions provided by your doctor or the imaging facility.
When preparing for your appointment, select loose-fitting, comfortable clothing free of metal components like zippers, snaps, or buttons. You may be asked to change into a hospital gown. All personal items, including jewelry, watches, hairpins, eyeglasses, hearing aids, credit cards, phones, and keys, must be removed and stored in a secure locker provided by the facility. Electronic devices and credit cards can be damaged by the strong magnetic field.
Arriving early for your appointment is recommended to allow time for paperwork, changing into a gown, and asking any last-minute questions. Bringing your doctor’s orders, insurance information, and a current list of all medications can streamline the check-in process. If sedation has been prescribed for your scan, ensure you have arranged for someone to drive you home afterward.
Addressing Common Concerns
During an MRI scan, the machine produces loud banging, clicking, and whirring noises. Earplugs or headphones will be provided to protect your hearing and can often allow you to listen to music during the scan.
Patients who experience claustrophobia or anxiety should disclose these concerns to their healthcare provider before the appointment. Accommodations such as an open MRI scanner may be available. Sedation can be prescribed by your doctor to help you relax during the procedure. Focusing on deep, slow breathing exercises can also help manage anxiety during the scan. It is important to remain as still as possible throughout the scan to ensure clear images.
You will be able to communicate with the technologist via an intercom system throughout the scan. A call button or squeeze ball will also be provided, allowing you to alert the technologist if you need assistance or experience discomfort. The duration of an MRI scan varies depending on the body part being imaged and the number of images required, typically ranging from 15 to 90 minutes.