An inguinal hernia occurs when tissue, often part of the intestine, pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall, typically in the groin. Surgery is required to return the displaced tissue and strengthen the compromised abdominal wall. The recovery phase focuses on managing the surgical site, controlling discomfort, and limiting physical strain. Patients are usually discharged home the same day or the day following the operation. Adherence to medical instructions is necessary to ensure the repair site heals completely and without complication.
Managing Incision Care and Swelling
Caring for the surgical site prevents infection and promotes healing. The incision may be closed with dissolvable stitches, surgical glue, or a dressing, and care instructions depend on the closure method. If surgical glue or tape strips were applied, leave them alone until they flake off naturally, usually within one to two weeks. Daily showering is permitted unless otherwise instructed, but gently wash the incision with soap and water and pat it dry. Avoid rubbing or applying lotions or ointments directly to the site. Submerging the incision in water, such as in a bath or pool, should be avoided for about two weeks to minimize infection risk.
Bruising and swelling around the incision or genitals are normal responses to surgery. Swelling may feel like a firm ridge under the incision or heaviness in the scrotum for male patients. Applying an ice pack wrapped in a cloth for 10 to 20 minutes, every one to two hours while awake, helps reduce localized swelling and discomfort during the first 48 hours.
Male patients should wear supportive underwear, like briefs, or gently elevate the scrotum while resting to encourage fluid drainage. Bruising can appear dark purple and may travel down toward the upper thigh or labia. This discoloration is caused by gravity pulling body fluid downward and usually resolves within two weeks.
Pain Control and Digestive Health
Managing discomfort is a primary concern in the initial days following surgery. Narcotic pain medication may be prescribed for the first few days to manage acute pain, but use it cautiously and only as directed. As acute pain subsides, transition to over-the-counter options like acetaminophen or NSAIDs such as ibuprofen. Note that many prescription pain medications already contain acetaminophen, and exceeding the maximum daily dose by taking additional over-the-counter products can be dangerous.
Opioids and anesthesia can slow the digestive system, making constipation a common post-operative issue. Managing digestive health is important to avoid straining, which puts pressure on the surgical repair site. Start a bowel regimen immediately after surgery by drinking plenty of water and incorporating fiber-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Over-the-counter stool softeners, such as docusate, or mild laxatives may be necessary to ensure easy passage of stool. If a bowel movement has not occurred after two or three days, consult the surgeon for advice on stronger laxatives. Taking short, gentle walks stimulates the bowels, helps prevent blood clots, and contributes to a smoother recovery.
Activity Restrictions and Resuming Daily Life
Movement is encouraged shortly after surgery, starting with short walks around the house the same day to promote circulation. The healing mesh and tissues need time to bond and strengthen, requiring strict limits on abdominal strain. For approximately four to six weeks, patients must not lift, push, or pull anything heavier than 10 to 15 pounds. This prevents stress on the repair site that could compromise the operation.
Resuming Activities
Returning to daily activities should be a gradual process guided by comfort and the surgeon’s instructions. Light desk work may be resumed within a few days to a week. Driving is restricted for at least 48 hours or until the patient is no longer taking narcotic pain medication and can perform an emergency stop safely.
Light exercise, such as walking, can be increased as tolerated. Strenuous activities like running, jogging, or core-strengthening exercises should be avoided for the first four to six weeks. Most patients resume a full range of non-strenuous activities within one to two weeks. A full return to heavy weightlifting or contact sports may be delayed for two to three months or longer, depending on the repair’s complexity.
Navigating everyday movements without straining the abdomen is important. Use techniques like rolling onto the side and pushing up with the arms when getting out of bed. For the first few weeks, let pain be the guide, avoiding any movement that causes sharp discomfort.
Recognizing Warning Signs
While many post-operative symptoms are normal, certain signs indicate a potential complication requiring immediate medical attention. A persistent fever greater than 101 degrees Fahrenheit or chills can signal a systemic infection. Increasing pain, swelling, warmth, or redness around the incision, or pus draining from the site, are classic signs of a wound infection.
Other concerning symptoms warrant urgent contact with a healthcare provider:
- Bright red blood soaking through the bandage
- Sudden severe pain not relieved by medication
- An incision that comes open
- Inability to pass urine or gas
- Significant, non-resolving hardness or swelling at the surgical site (indicating urinary retention or bowel obstruction)
- Symptoms of a deep vein thrombosis, such as redness, pain, or swelling in the leg or groin