A colposcopy is a common gynecological procedure used to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for signs of disease. It involves using a colposcope, a lighted magnifying instrument, to get a detailed view of these areas. This article guides you through what to expect and how to care for yourself after your colposcopy.
Immediate Post-Procedure Expectations
After a colposcopy, especially if a biopsy was performed, some vaginal discharge and light bleeding are common. The discharge can appear dark, brown, or black, sometimes resembling coffee grounds or tissue. This is often due to the vinegar solution used or a medical paste, like Monsel’s solution, applied to control bleeding at the biopsy site. This discharge is a normal part of the healing process and may last for several days to a few weeks.
To facilitate healing and prevent complications, certain activities should be avoided. Healthcare providers recommend refraining from using tampons, douching, and engaging in sexual intercourse for about one to two weeks, or as advised. Strenuous exercise and heavy lifting are restricted for a few days to a week. Gentle external cleaning is sufficient for hygiene during this time.
Managing Common Discomfort
Mild to moderate cramping is common following a colposcopy. This sensation is often likened to menstrual cramps and is common if tissue samples (biopsies) were taken. This discomfort is temporary, lasting from a few hours to a couple of days.
Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage this cramping. Applying a heating pad to the abdominal area may also provide comfort. Follow your healthcare provider’s specific recommendations for pain management.
Understanding Your Results and Follow-Up
Results from your colposcopy, especially if a biopsy was taken, take a few days to several weeks to arrive. You may receive your results via mail, phone call, or through a patient portal, with timelines varying between clinics. If you do not hear back within the expected timeframe, contact your healthcare provider.
Results indicate whether abnormal cells were found and their severity, often classified as Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) 1, 2, or 3, or normal. CIN 1 represents mild changes that may resolve on their own, while CIN 2 and CIN 3 indicate more significant abnormalities that may require intervention. A normal result means no abnormal cells were detected.
Based on your results, your healthcare provider will outline the next steps. This might include watchful waiting for CIN 1, repeat Pap tests, or further procedures if more severe cell changes are present. These follow-up appointments are important for monitoring your cervical health. Ask your healthcare provider any questions you have about your results or the recommended follow-up plan.
When to Contact Your Doctor
While some discomfort and discharge are normal after a colposcopy, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Contact your doctor if you experience excessive bleeding. This is defined as soaking more than one sanitary pad per hour for two or more consecutive hours, or passing large blood clots.
Seek medical advice for severe pain in your pelvis or lower abdomen that is not relieved by over-the-counter medication or is worsening. Signs of infection, such as a fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, chills, or foul-smelling vaginal discharge, require prompt evaluation. Any other unusual or concerning symptoms should be reported to your healthcare provider.