Sore gums are common for many denture wearers, affecting both new and long-term users. This discomfort ranges from mild irritation to painful sores that make eating and speaking difficult. Understanding the cause is the first step toward finding relief and preventing future issues. Practical, at-home measures can alleviate immediate pain, alongside a daily care routine that promotes long-term gum health.
Why Dentures Cause Gum Soreness
Gum soreness often begins with a mechanical issue, specifically an improper or loose fit of the denture against the soft tissues. When the prosthetic shifts, it creates friction that irritates the mucosal lining of the mouth and causes localized sore spots. This poor fit is frequently caused by alveolar ridge resorption, where the jawbone beneath the gums shrinks over time after tooth loss, leaving the denture unstable.
The initial adjustment period to new dentures can also cause temporary pressure points until the gums adapt. Poor oral hygiene allows plaque and food particles to build up on the denture surface, leading to inflammation. This microbial accumulation can result in a fungal infection known as Denture Stomatitis, which appears as redness and inflammation of the tissue covered by the denture.
Quick Relief: At-Home Solutions
When acute soreness flares up, the first step is to give the irritated gum tissue a rest from pressure. Removing the dentures for short periods, especially when at home, allows the gums time to recover from constant contact and friction. This temporary removal significantly reduces inflammation and promotes natural healing.
A warm salt water rinse is a simple and effective technique to soothe inflamed areas. Mixing about half a teaspoon of salt into warm water and gently swishing the solution helps reduce swelling and inhibit bacterial growth. For localized pain, applying an over-the-counter topical anesthetic gel approved for oral use can offer immediate numbing relief.
During periods of acute gum soreness, temporarily switch to a diet of soft, non-abrasive foods like soups, mashed potatoes, or yogurt. This minimizes the pressure exerted on the gums during chewing, preventing further trauma. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can also be taken as directed to manage discomfort and reduce overall inflammation.
Daily Care for Denture and Gum Health
Preventing gum soreness requires a consistent daily care routine for both the appliance and the mouth. Dentures must be cleaned daily using a non-abrasive cleanser and a soft-bristled brush, as regular toothpaste can be too harsh and may scratch the material. This cleaning removes the microbial biofilm that leads to irritation and infections like Denture Stomatitis.
Clean the soft tissues of the mouth, including the gums, tongue, and palate, with a soft toothbrush or a clean, damp cloth. Gently massaging these areas stimulates blood circulation, promoting tissue health. A fundamental practice is removing the dentures every night for a minimum of six to eight hours, allowing the gums to breathe and recover from continuous pressure.
If used, denture adhesives should be applied correctly in thin, even layers to provide a better seal and minimize movement, which reduces friction. Adhesives are not a long-term fix for a poorly fitting denture and should not be relied upon to stabilize a loose appliance. Proper hygiene and nightly rest for the gums are the strongest defenses against recurring soreness.
When to Consult Your Dentist
While many instances of gum soreness can be managed at home, certain symptoms indicate a deeper issue requiring professional attention. If pain or sore spots persist for longer than 72 hours despite diligent home care, or if the discomfort worsens, schedule a dental appointment. Trying to adjust or repair a denture at home can cause irreparable damage and should be avoided.
Seek professional help if you notice visible signs of infection, such as severe swelling, bleeding, pus, or deep, non-healing ulcers. Widespread redness, especially across the palate, or small red bumps, may signal Denture Stomatitis, which often requires antifungal treatment. Dentists can assess the appliance’s fit and perform a reline or adjustment to eliminate the pressure points causing the pain.