A shallot flower, often called a scape, emerges on a tall central stalk rising above the plant’s green foliage. These blooms typically appear in compact, rounded clusters, known as umbels, displaying shades of lavender or red. Shallots are members of the Allium family, closely related to onions and garlic.
Understanding Shallot Bolting and Flowering
Shallots, like other members of the Allium family, naturally produce flowers to set seed. This process, called bolting, is generally undesirable for bulb production, especially in the first year.
Environmental stress commonly triggers bolting. Sudden and significant temperature fluctuations, such as a prolonged cold spell followed by warmer weather, can prompt premature reproduction. Temperatures consistently below 45°F (7°C) for several weeks, or sudden heat waves exceeding 80°F (27°C), can induce bolting. Day length, larger transplants, over-fertilizing with high-nitrogen formulas, and overly loose soil also contribute.
When a shallot bolts, the plant diverts energy from developing the underground bulb to producing the flower and seeds. This energy shift often results in smaller, tougher, or less flavorful shallot bulbs. Bolted bulbs also have a weakened structure due to the central seed stalk, leading to poor storage quality and increased susceptibility to rot.
Managing and Utilizing Shallot Flowers
Preventing shallot bolting involves careful planning and cultivation practices. Selecting bolt-resistant shallot varieties significantly reduces premature flowering. Plant at the appropriate time, typically four weeks before the last frost, to avoid extreme temperature stress. Using heat-treated shallot sets is also beneficial, as they are less prone to bolting.
Consistent watering prevents drought stress, which can induce bolting. Protect young plants from cold snaps with horticultural fleece to reduce temperature stress. While shallots grow from sets, starting from seed may result in fewer bolted plants, though this is a longer cultivation process.
If a shallot flowers, cut the scape promptly at its base or about an inch above the bulb, carefully, to avoid damaging surrounding leaves. Removing the scape redirects energy back to the bulb, though it may not reach full size. Bolted shallots should be harvested and used soon after, as they do not store as well as unbolted bulbs.
Shallot flowers and scapes are edible and have a mild onion or garlic flavor. They add flavor to dishes, similar to green onions or chives. Incorporate them into salads, use as a fresh garnish, or add to stir-fries and infused oils.