Fevers are common in children. A fever often indicates the body’s immune system is actively working to fight off an infection. This article outlines what constitutes a fever, important symptoms to observe, when to contact a doctor, and how to manage fever at home.
What Constitutes a Fever
A child has a fever when their body temperature rises above the normal range. For a 6-year-old, a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, measured rectally, in the ear (tympanic), or across the forehead (temporal artery), indicates a fever. If taken orally, 100°F (37.8°C) or higher is a fever. An armpit (axillary) temperature of 99°F (37.2°C) or higher also signifies a fever, though this method is considered less accurate.
Digital thermometers are widely recommended for reliability. Rectal temperatures are considered the most accurate, especially for younger children. Oral measurements are suitable for children aged 4 and older who can cooperate. Temporal artery thermometers, which measure temperature across the forehead, offer an easy, less intrusive option and are accurate for all ages. Ear thermometers can be used for children aged 6 months and older, but earwax can sometimes interfere with accuracy.
Important Symptoms to Observe
Monitoring a child’s overall demeanor and additional symptoms is necessary. Signs such as unusual fussiness, decreased activity levels, or being less talkative than usual can accompany a fever. A child might experience a faster heart rate, quicker breathing, headache, chills, sweating, or flushed skin. These general symptoms often resolve as the fever is managed.
Certain symptoms alongside a fever can indicate a more serious condition. These include signs of dehydration, such as decreased urination, dry mouth, or a lack of tears when crying. Persistent vomiting or diarrhea, a rash, a stiff neck, severe headache, difficulty breathing, or unusual pain warrant closer observation. Observing how the child acts when the fever is present and when it temporarily subsides after medication provides valuable insight into the severity of their illness.
When to Contact a Doctor
Knowing when to seek professional medical advice for a 6-year-old with a fever is necessary. While many fevers can be managed at home, certain situations require prompt medical evaluation. Contact a healthcare provider if the fever lasts for more than 72 hours (3 days). A fever that repeatedly rises above 104°F (40°C) is a reason to call a doctor.
Immediate medical attention is necessary if the fever is accompanied by severe symptoms. These include extreme drowsiness or difficulty waking the child, a stiff neck, or a rash that does not fade when pressed. Difficulty breathing, persistent inconsolable crying, signs of severe dehydration like sunken eyes or no tears, or bluish lips, tongue, or nails are concerning. If a child appears unusually ill, regardless of the exact temperature, consult with a medical professional.
Managing Fever at Home
For fevers not requiring immediate medical attention, several strategies can help manage a 6-year-old’s discomfort at home. Ensuring adequate fluid intake is important to prevent dehydration, as fevers can lead to increased fluid loss. Offer water, clear soups, ice pops, or oral rehydration solutions frequently, encouraging small, consistent sips. Dressing the child in light clothing and maintaining a comfortably cool room temperature aids in cooling the body.
Fever-reducing medications such as acetaminophen (e.g., Tylenol) or ibuprofen (e.g., Advil, Motrin) can alleviate discomfort. Dosage should always be based on the child’s weight, following package instructions carefully, and never exceeding the recommended frequency. Acetaminophen can be given every 4 to 6 hours, while ibuprofen is administered every 6 to 8 hours. Avoid aspirin in children due to its association with Reye syndrome, a rare but serious illness. While lukewarm baths can help reduce body temperature, cold baths or alcohol rubs should be avoided as they can cause shivering, which may increase the fever.