The United States is home to several bear species. Understanding where these magnificent creatures thrive provides insight into their ecology and the conservation efforts protecting them. This information also highlights the diverse ecosystems across the country that support these populations.
America’s Bear Species and Population Trends
The United States hosts three primary bear species: the American Black Bear (Ursus americanus), the Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos horribilis), and the Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus). Black bears are the most common and widely distributed, found in approximately 40 of the 50 states, from forested regions to lowlands. Grizzly bears, conversely, have a much more restricted range, primarily inhabiting specific regions in the Western US and Alaska. Polar bears are exclusively found in the Arctic regions of Alaska, adapted to life on sea ice.
When considering which states have the “most bears,” the discussion largely centers on the American black bear due to their larger population numbers and broader geographic footprint across the nation. While exact population counts for any bear species can be challenging to determine precisely, wildlife agencies rely on various methods, including estimates, surveys, and observed trends, to monitor their numbers. These assessments help conservationists understand population health and distribution across diverse habitats.
States Leading in Black Bear Numbers
Alaska stands out with the largest black bear population in the United States, estimated at over 100,000 individuals. The state’s vast wilderness and extensive forested areas provide an ideal natural habitat for these bears. Black bears are widely distributed throughout Alaska’s forests and many of its islands, thriving in environments that offer abundant food sources like spawning salmon.
Beyond Alaska, several other states in the contiguous U.S. also maintain robust black bear populations. California has an estimated 25,000 to 35,000 black bears, making it one of the largest populations in the lower 48 states. Their numbers have grown due to successful conservation programs and adaptable behaviors across diverse landscapes, from the Sierra Nevada to coastal forests. Maine also boasts a thriving population of about 35,000 black bears, benefiting from the state’s expansive forests and ample food supply.
Other states with substantial black bear populations include Washington, with roughly 27,500 bears, and Idaho, home to an estimated 20,000 to 30,000. These states offer dense forests and rugged mountainous terrain that provide suitable habitats and abundant resources. Virginia and Wisconsin also report considerable numbers, with Virginia having 18,000 to 20,000 bears and Wisconsin over 24,000. The presence of extensive forested areas and effective wildlife management practices contribute to the health and growth of black bear populations in these regions.
Grizzly and Polar Bear Strongholds in the US
Grizzly bears have a far more limited distribution, primarily concentrated in specific ecosystems across the Western states. The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, spanning parts of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, is a significant stronghold, with an estimated population of over 1,000 grizzlies. This population has seen recovery due to conservation efforts, expanding its occupied habitat.
Another key area for grizzlies is the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem in northwest Montana, which supports an estimated 960 to over 1,000 individuals. Smaller, more isolated grizzly populations exist in the Cabinet-Yaak and Selkirk ecosystems of Montana and Idaho, and the North Cascades of Washington. The North Cascades population is particularly small, estimated to be fewer than 10 bears, making it one of the most at-risk. These populations are often under protected status, with ongoing recovery efforts focused on increasing their numbers and ensuring genetic diversity.
Polar bears are found almost exclusively in the Arctic regions of Alaska. Their existence is intrinsically linked to the sea ice, which serves as a platform for hunting their primary prey, seals. Two main subpopulations, the Chukchi Sea and Southern Beaufort Sea, utilize Alaskan waters, with estimated numbers of around 3,000 and 900 bears, respectively. Their unique habitat requirements and reliance on sea ice highlight the distinct environmental factors that govern their presence in the U.S.