Wind is air in motion, driven by pressure differences caused by the sun’s uneven heating of the Earth’s surface. These pressure gradients, along with the planet’s rotation, create diverse wind patterns that vary significantly across the globe. Within the United States, average wind speeds range dramatically, from the blustery Great Plains to surprisingly tranquil regions. This analysis pinpoints the U.S. state that experiences the lowest overall annual average wind speed.
Determining the Least Windy State
Meteorological data consistently indicates that the least windy areas are concentrated in the Southeastern United States. Mississippi stands out for its low average wind speeds, hovering around 7.5 to 8.0 miles per hour (MPH). This contrasts sharply with the windiest states, such as Wyoming or Kansas, which often experience averages well over 10 MPH. Mississippi’s position on the Gulf Coast places it within a region characterized by generally calmer surface air movement. The data used for this ranking comes from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and its network of weather stations.
How Wind Speed is Measured and Reported
Determining a state’s average wind speed relies on a standardized methodology used worldwide. Wind speed is primarily measured using an anemometer. The most common type is the cup anemometer, which measures rotational speed, or the ultrasonic anemometer, which uses sound waves to calculate velocity.
To ensure uniformity, official measurements are taken at a standard height of 10 meters (approximately 33 feet) above ground level in open terrain. This height reduces the influence of surface friction caused by trees, buildings, and other obstacles. Data is collected continuously, and the annual average wind speed is calculated from these long-term measurements. This mean average is the metric used to identify the least windy regions.
Topographical and Meteorological Reasons for Low Wind
The primary reason for Mississippi’s low wind profile is its location relative to the large-scale atmospheric patterns that drive wind across North America. The state is situated far from the strong pressure gradients that generate high winds, such as those found on the West Coast or in the Great Plains.
The proximity to the Gulf of Mexico contributes to a stable air mass, especially due to the influence of the Bermuda-Azores High-Pressure System. This semi-permanent high-pressure system, prominent during the summer months, often expands westward, bringing settled weather conditions to the Gulf Coast states. High-pressure systems are characterized by sinking air, which suppresses vertical air movement and results in small pressure differences at the surface, leading to light winds.
Furthermore, the land surface of Mississippi is relatively flat and covered with extensive tree cover, which creates significant surface friction. Dense forests effectively slow down surface wind speeds within the friction layer of the atmosphere. The lack of major mountain ranges also prevents the formation of channeling effects that accelerate wind through valleys. This combination of a stable, high-pressure-dominated climate and a friction-heavy, low-relief landscape keeps the average annual wind speed among the lowest in the nation.