Arizona is home to diverse wildlife, and among its most recognizable inhabitants are bears. Understanding these large mammals is important for both residents and visitors. Learning about their characteristics, preferred environments, and how to coexist safely fosters a balanced relationship with Arizona’s bear population.
The American Black Bear
The American Black Bear (Ursus americanus) is the sole bear species found across Arizona. These bears exhibit a range of fur colors, including black, brown, cinnamon, and even dark blond. Males weigh between 125 and 400 pounds, though some can reach 600 pounds, while females are smaller. They stand about 3 to 3.5 feet tall on all fours, reaching 5 to 6 feet on their hind legs.
Black bears are omnivores, adapting their diet to seasonal availability. In spring, they consume grasses and leaves, transitioning to nuts, berries, and other tree fruits during summer and fall. Their diet also includes insects and occasionally carrion. They are primarily solitary, except for mothers with cubs or during mating season, and are most active at dawn and dusk.
Where Arizona’s Bears Roam
Arizona’s black bears inhabit a variety of environments, primarily in forested mountain ranges, woodlands, and chaparral. They can also be found in desert riparian areas, which provide water and cover. Common sightings occur in regions like the White Mountains, the Mogollon Rim near Payson, and the Four Peaks area.
These bears maintain home ranges of 7 to 15 square miles, though males may have larger territories. During periods of drought, or when natural food sources are scarce, bears may travel considerable distances, sometimes venturing into urban or suburban areas for food. There are no significant black bear populations found north of the Colorado River in Arizona.
A Note on Arizona’s Extinct Grizzlies
While black bears are the only species currently inhabiting Arizona, grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) once roamed the state. These larger bears were historically present across various habitats, including high-elevation forests and riparian zones. However, grizzly bears were extirpated from Arizona, with the last known individual killed in 1935. Their disappearance was due to habitat loss and hunting pressure.
Living Responsibly with Wild Bears
Living in or visiting bear-frequented areas requires awareness and responsible practices to minimize human-wildlife conflicts. A primary measure is to secure all food attractants. This includes storing garbage in bear-resistant containers or secured buildings until collection day, and removing pet food, bird feeders, and fallen fruit from yards. Bears have an acute sense of smell and can be drawn to human food sources, which can lead to habituation and safety concerns.
When outdoors, make noise while hiking to avoid surprising a bear, and never approach them. If a bear is sighted, maintain a distance of at least 100 yards and slowly back away, making yourself appear large and making loud noises if the bear approaches. In the unusual event of a black bear attack, fighting back is recommended.