Rattlesnakes are venomous snakes found across the Western Hemisphere, known for a distinct sound from their tails. This sound is a natural warning system, and understanding it is important for safety in areas where they live. Recognizing the sound and knowing how to react can help prevent dangerous encounters.
The Rattle’s Unique Sound
The sound produced by a rattlesnake is often described as dry, buzzing, or hissing. It can also be likened to the chittering of an insect or the shaking of a maraca. This distinctive noise serves as an auditory alarm. The sound’s intensity can vary depending on the snake’s size and the number of segments in its rattle. The hollow segments amplify the sound, making the warning more effective and allowing the snake to communicate its presence from a distance.
The Mechanics of Rattling
A rattlesnake produces its signature sound by rapidly vibrating specialized segments at the end of its tail. These hollow, interlocking structures are made of keratin, the same protein found in human fingernails. There are no loose objects inside the rattle; the sound results from these keratin rings clacking against each other.
The snake achieves this rapid vibration using three powerful “shaker” muscles at the base of its tail. These muscles contract rapidly, vibrating the tail 50 to 100 times per second. Each time a rattlesnake sheds its skin, a new segment is added to the rattle, causing it to grow.
The Purpose Behind the Rattle
Rattlesnakes use their rattle as a warning or defensive mechanism when threatened. This signal deters potential predators or perceived dangers, including humans, from approaching too closely. The rattling indicates the snake feels cornered or unable to escape, signaling its preparedness to defend itself.
The rattle is not an aggressive act but a clear message to “stay away.” Rattlesnakes prefer to avoid confrontation, and rattling allows them to conserve their venom, a valuable resource primarily used for hunting prey. By issuing a warning, the snake aims to resolve the situation without expending the energy and risk of striking.
Responding to a Rattlesnake’s Warning
If you hear a rattlesnake’s distinctive rattle, remain calm and avoid sudden movements. Try to locate the sound’s source without stepping closer to or on the snake. Once the snake’s location is identified, slowly back away, giving it ample space, typically at least 5 to 10 feet.
Do not attempt to approach, handle, or provoke the snake in any way, including throwing objects. Such actions can cause the snake to move towards you or strike defensively.
If with others, alert them to the snake’s presence and advise them to maintain a safe distance. Remember that rattlesnakes do not chase people; they aim to end the encounter as quickly as possible.