A sunburned scalp results from excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, causing inflammation and damage. This area is particularly vulnerable to sun exposure, especially for individuals with thinning or light hair, or those who do not regularly cover their heads. A sunburned scalp can be uncomfortable, causing symptoms like tenderness or significant pain.
Immediate Relief for a Sunburned Scalp
When addressing a sunburned scalp, focus on cooling and soothing the affected skin. Apply cool compresses or take a cool shower to reduce heat and inflammation, avoiding hot water. Aloe vera gel is an effective choice due to its hydrating and anti-inflammatory properties; apply it multiple times daily, ensuring it’s alcohol-free and fragrance-free.
Over-the-counter 1% hydrocortisone cream can alleviate swelling, itching, and irritation when applied once daily, but do not use for more than seven days without medical consultation. Oral pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen may help manage pain and reduce inflammation. Avoid occlusive products like petroleum jelly or heavy oil-based creams initially, as they trap heat and worsen the burn. Similarly, avoid shampoos with sulfates or dimethicone, which can dry the scalp or trap heat.
Recognizing Scalp Sunburn and When to See a Doctor
A sunburned scalp presents with several common symptoms like redness, warmth, tenderness, or pain. Itching may also develop, which can sometimes be mistaken for dandruff. Severe cases may show small, fluid-filled blisters on the scalp.
While most scalp sunburns heal at home, seek medical attention for extreme pain, large blisters, or signs of infection (increasing pain, swelling, pus, red streaks). Severe sunburn can also cause systemic symptoms like high fever, headache, confusion, nausea, vomiting, or fatigue, requiring immediate medical evaluation.
Supporting Scalp Healing and Recovery
After the initial burn, support scalp healing. Drink plenty of water to hydrate the skin. Use gentle hair care practices: opt for cool or lukewarm showers, avoiding hot water.
When washing hair, use mild, moisturizing shampoos and conditioners, free of harsh chemicals or strong fragrances. During healing, air dry hair and avoid heat styling tools like blow dryers and flat irons, as their heat can further irritate the sensitive scalp.
Peeling and flaking are natural as the scalp sheds damaged cells. Avoid picking or scratching peeling skin, as this can lead to infection or delay recovery. Apply gentle moisturizers, such as those with ceramides or soy, to hydrate skin and reduce peeling.
Effective Strategies to Prevent Scalp Sunburn
Prevent scalp sunburn by shielding skin from UV radiation. Wearing a hat is effective; wide-brimmed hats offer superior protection by also shading the face, neck, and ears. Hats with a UPF (Ultraviolet Protection Factor) rating of 50+ provide excellent UV blockage.
For exposed areas like the part line or thinning areas, apply scalp-specific sunscreens or SPF hair products. These come in sprays, mists, gels, and powders, offering SPF 30 or higher. Apply sunscreen 15 minutes before sun exposure and reapply every two hours, or more frequently after swimming or sweating.
Seeking shade, especially during peak sun hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.), also reduces UV exposure and sunburn risk.