Florida’s subtropical climate and diverse ecosystems provide a suitable home for many reptile species. The state’s varied landscapes, from wetlands to sandy uplands, support a variety of native reptiles. However, Florida also faces challenges from several non-native reptile species that have established populations.
Native Reptiles
Florida is home to a wide array of native reptiles. Crocodilians include the American Alligator, found throughout Florida’s freshwater habitats, including swamps, marshes, and rivers. These large reptiles have broad, rounded snouts and dark, scaly bodies. The American Crocodile primarily inhabits brackish and saltwater areas in South Florida, distinguishable by its narrower, pointed snout and lighter gray-green coloration.
Snakes are diverse across Florida. Common non-venomous species include the Southern Black Racer, a slender, fast-moving snake that is uniformly black with a white chin. The Eastern Corn Snake, also known as the Red Rat Snake, displays orange-brown blotches bordered by black and is often found in pinelands, swamps, and urban areas. Florida is also home to several venomous snakes, such as the Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake, recognized by its large size, diamond patterns, and a rattle at the tail end. The Cottonmouth, or water moccasin, is a semi-aquatic snake with a dark band across its eyes and can be found in various wetland environments. The Eastern Coral Snake, with its distinct red, yellow, and black bands, is venomous.
Turtles and tortoises are also part of Florida’s reptile population. The Gopher Tortoise is a land-dwelling species known for digging extensive burrows in dry, sandy uplands like scrub and sandhill habitats. These burrows provide shelter for many other species, making the gopher tortoise a keystone species. Aquatic turtles, such as the Florida Softshell Turtle, are found throughout the state’s freshwater systems, including ponds, streams, and marshes. These turtles have a flattened, leathery shell and a long, snorkel-like snout, often burying themselves in muddy or sandy bottoms.
Lizards include the Green Anole, a common arboreal lizard capable of changing its color from green to brown for camouflage. It is often seen on trees and shrubs across the state. The Florida Scrub Lizard is a small, gray to light-brown lizard with a broad, dark brown stripe along each side of its body. This species is specialized to the dry, sandy Florida scrub habitats, preferring open areas with bare sand for basking.
Invasive Reptiles
Florida’s climate has allowed numerous non-native reptile species to establish breeding populations, impacting native wildlife and ecosystems. These invasive species typically arrive through the pet trade, either escaping or being intentionally released.
The Burmese Python is a major invasive species, primarily found in South Florida’s Everglades region. These large constrictors prey on a wide variety of native birds, mammals, and even alligators, contributing to severe declines in mammal populations within Everglades National Park. Their presence disrupts the food web and competes with native predators for resources.
Iguanas, particularly the Green Iguana, are prevalent, especially in urban and suburban areas of South Florida. These large, often bright green lizards consume a wide range of plants, including ornamental vegetation, and their burrowing can damage infrastructure like sidewalks and seawalls. They also compete with native wildlife for food and habitat and may prey on bird eggs.
The Argentine Black and White Tegu is another invasive species. These large, omnivorous lizards, identifiable by their mottled black and white coloration, have established populations in various parts of Florida. Tegus are known for their voracious appetite, consuming fruits, insects, small animals, and especially eggs, including those of native species like gopher tortoises and alligators. Their increasing numbers pose a threat to sensitive native species and agricultural lands.
Encountering Reptiles Safely
Encountering reptiles in Florida is common, and understanding how to react safely is important. Observe reptiles from a distance and avoid approaching or harassing them. Snakes, for instance, typically try to escape when approached and will only strike if they feel threatened or cornered.
Maintaining awareness of your surroundings, especially in natural areas or near water bodies, can help prevent unexpected encounters. If a reptile is spotted, giving it ample space allows it to move away naturally. Never attempt to handle or capture any reptile, as even non-venomous species can bite defensively.
In situations where a reptile, particularly a venomous snake or a large alligator, poses a direct threat or is in an inappropriate location like inside a home, contact wildlife authorities or professional wildlife removal services. These professionals have the expertise and equipment to safely manage the situation without harming the animal or yourself. For invasive species like pythons, reporting sightings to wildlife hotlines or designated apps can assist management efforts.