Michigan is home to many snake species. While many people harbor concerns about encountering venomous snakes, only a very small number of species in Michigan pose a threat. This article clarifies which snake species are venomous, details their identification, and offers essential safety guidelines for encounters.
Identifying Michigan’s Venomous Snakes
Michigan is home to one native venomous snake: the Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus). It is Michigan’s only rattlesnake, often found in wetland habitats, though it can also use adjacent upland areas. This federally protected threatened species is declining due to habitat loss and human activity.
The Eastern Massasauga is a thick-bodied snake, typically measuring 18 to 30 inches long. Its coloration is usually gray or brownish-gray, marked with distinct dark brown, saddle-shaped blotches along its back and smaller spots on its sides. The snake’s head is triangular, wider than its neck, and it possesses vertical, cat-like pupils.
A distinguishing feature is the segmented rattle at the end of its tail, which produces a buzzing sound when vibrated. Despite being venomous, these snakes are timid and reclusive, preferring to avoid human contact. They often remain motionless or seek cover when disturbed, making encounters rare. Bites usually occur when the snake is directly threatened or handled.
Safety and Encounter Guidelines
Approach any snake in the wild with caution. If you encounter one, observe it from a safe distance, typically several feet away. Do not attempt to approach, handle, or provoke the snake, as bites are most likely to occur then. Allow the snake ample space to move away on its own.
In the rare event of a snakebite, remain calm. Immediately call 911 or your local emergency number for professional medical attention. While waiting, keep the bitten area as still as possible and, if feasible, position it at or below heart level to slow venom spread. Remove any jewelry, watches, or tight clothing from the affected limb before swelling begins.
Clean the wound gently with soap and water, then cover it loosely with a clean, dry dressing. Do not attempt to cut the wound, suck out the venom, or apply a tourniquet. Avoid using ice on the bite or consuming alcohol or caffeinated beverages. Remembering the snake’s appearance (color, pattern, size) can assist medical professionals, but do not try to capture or kill the snake.