Braces are dental appliances that correct misaligned teeth and bite issues, improving oral function and aesthetics. They apply controlled pressure to gradually guide teeth into proper alignment. While often associated with adolescence, orthodontic care is sought by individuals across all age groups. This article explores the prevalence of orthodontic treatment, the dental conditions that necessitate it, the assessment process, and how treatment trends vary by age.
Global and Regional Statistics
Many people experience some form of malocclusion, or misalignment of the teeth and jaws. Approximately 50% of individuals have misaligned teeth severe enough to warrant orthodontic care. In the United States, about 4 million people either need or currently have braces, and 7% to 8% of children aged 8 to 17 are actively undergoing treatment. The use of orthodontics varies regionally across the United States; for instance, the South shows a higher percentage of users (37.5%) compared to the Northeast (19.8%). Socioeconomic status also influences treatment rates, with lower rates sometimes observed in individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
Common Dental Conditions Requiring Braces
Orthodontic intervention addresses various dental conditions that impact oral health and function. Common issues include crowded teeth, where insufficient jaw space causes teeth to overlap or twist. This crowding makes cleaning difficult, increasing risks of decay, gum disease, and uneven wear. Spacing issues, such as gaps, can also lead to plaque buildup and difficulties with chewing or speaking.
Bite problems, known as malocclusions, are another primary reason for braces. An overbite occurs when upper front teeth significantly overlap lower teeth, potentially causing wear, jaw pain, and headaches. An underbite involves the lower jaw protruding beyond the upper, leading to tooth wear and severe jaw issues. A crossbite happens when some upper teeth sit inside the lower when biting, contributing to uneven wear, jaw asymmetry, and chewing difficulties. An open bite, where front teeth do not meet when the mouth is closed, can affect speech and the ability to bite food.
The Orthodontic Assessment Process
The decision to pursue orthodontic treatment is made through a comprehensive assessment by an orthodontist. This process begins with an initial consultation where the orthodontist reviews the patient’s dental and medical history and discusses their specific concerns and treatment goals. A thorough clinical examination follows, assessing the condition of the teeth, gums, and jaw alignment. This examination helps identify issues such as overcrowding, misalignment, or bite problems.
Diagnostic records are then collected to provide a detailed view of the patient’s oral structures. These typically include X-rays, such as panoramic and cephalometric images, to evaluate tooth position, roots, and jawbones. Photographs of the face and teeth are also taken to document dental and facial features, aiding in treatment planning and progress tracking. Impressions or digital scans of the teeth create models for analyzing alignment and planning appliance placement. Based on all gathered information, the orthodontist develops a personalized treatment plan, outlining the recommended course of action and expected outcomes.
Age-Related Trends in Treatment
Orthodontic treatment patterns vary across different age groups, reflecting diverse developmental stages and needs. The American Association of Orthodontists recommends an initial orthodontic evaluation by age seven. This early assessment, often called interceptive orthodontics, typically begins between ages six and ten and aims to guide jaw development, create space for permanent teeth, and prevent more severe issues from developing later. While early intervention can reduce the complexity of future treatment, it does not always eliminate the need for comprehensive orthodontics.
Adolescence, particularly between ages 11 and 15, remains the most common period for comprehensive orthodontic treatment. During these years, the jaw is still developing, making it highly responsive to tooth movement and bite correction. This developmental flexibility allows for effective and often quicker results compared to adult treatment. A significant shift has also occurred, with approximately one-third of current orthodontic patients being adults. Adults increasingly seek treatment for both long-standing issues and cosmetic reasons, often opting for more discreet options like clear aligners or ceramic braces.