The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is a native species found across Texas. These large reptiles have long been a part of the state’s diverse ecosystems. While they are a significant component of many aquatic environments, their presence is not uniform throughout Texas.
Alligator Distribution Across Texas
Alligators are predominantly found in the eastern third of Texas, a region characterized by its extensive water bodies and suitable climate. Their range extends from the Sabine River, which forms part of the state’s eastern border with Louisiana, westward to approximately Interstate 35. This broad area encompasses about 120 counties, with the highest concentrations along the Gulf Coastal Plains, particularly the upper Texas coast.
Alligator populations also thrive along various river systems, including the Trinity River watershed, and in specific freshwater lakes such as Lake Worth and Eagle Mountain Lake in North Texas.
Preferred Habitats
Alligators inhabit areas with specific environmental conditions that support their life cycle, primarily freshwater environments. These include marshes, swamps, rivers, natural lakes, and bayous, where they find both food and shelter. They are semi-aquatic reptiles, spending considerable time submerged or near water, though they can also tolerate brackish water for certain periods.
The presence of abundant vegetation is important for cover and for female alligators to construct their nests. Water depth also plays a role, with deeper water bodies providing refuge and shallower areas used for basking and hunting. Warm temperatures are also necessary for alligators, as they are cold-blooded creatures that rely on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature.
Alligator Encounters and Safety
Living in or visiting regions with alligators requires awareness and adherence to safety guidelines. It is important to maintain a safe distance of at least 30 feet from alligators at all times, as they can be surprisingly quick and agile, especially when provoked. Never attempt to feed or harass an alligator, as this can cause them to lose their natural fear of humans and become a potential threat, which is also against state law.
When near water bodies where alligators might be present, supervise children closely and keep pets on leashes. Pets can resemble the natural prey of alligators and are more susceptible to being targeted. Avoid swimming during dusk, dawn, or at night, as these are periods when alligators are most active and feed. If an alligator hisses, it is a clear warning that you are too close, and you should slowly back away.
Regions Without Alligators
While alligators are widespread in certain parts of Texas, they are generally absent from the drier, western, and northern regions of the state. The terrain in these areas is typically too arid, lacking the consistent freshwater sources and humid conditions that alligators require. Additionally, the cooler temperatures experienced in western Texas during winter months are not conducive to their survival.
Cities such as El Paso, Lubbock, and Amarillo, located in the western and Panhandle regions, are considered outside the American alligator’s natural range. Although isolated sightings can occur due to human relocation or natural dispersal, established populations do not exist in these environments. The general dividing line for alligator distribution roughly follows Interstate 35, with fewer populations found west of this corridor.