Pain after a tooth extraction is a common experience. While some discomfort is expected, effective pain management is important for a comfortable recovery. Understanding how to address this pain can help individuals recover smoothly.
Over-the-Counter Options
For many, over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers are sufficient to manage discomfort after a tooth extraction. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (e.g., Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (e.g., Aleve) are frequently recommended. These medications reduce inflammation, a major contributor to post-extraction pain.
Acetaminophen (e.g., Tylenol) is another widely used OTC option, though its mechanism differs from NSAIDs. While NSAIDs act at the site of injury, acetaminophen works more centrally, blocking pain signals. Combining ibuprofen and acetaminophen can be particularly effective, as they target pain through different pathways, often providing more comprehensive relief. Follow dosage instructions on the package or as advised by a dentist, as exceeding recommended amounts can lead to adverse effects like stomach upset with NSAIDs or liver damage with acetaminophen.
Prescription Medications
When OTC options are not enough, a dentist might prescribe stronger pain medications. These can include non-opioid or opioid pain relievers. Stronger non-opioid options, such as celecoxib, are also NSAIDs but may be prescribed for specific properties. These are often used for moderate pain.
For more severe pain, opioid pain relievers might be prescribed. Common examples include hydrocodone with acetaminophen (e.g., Vicodin) or oxycodone with acetaminophen (e.g., Percocet). Opioids work by altering the body’s perception and response to pain signals. These medications effectively alleviate intense pain, but they come with potential side effects such as drowsiness, nausea, constipation, and dizziness. Due to their potency and risk of dependence or misuse, take these medications exactly as prescribed and for the shortest duration necessary.
Managing Pain Effectively
Beyond specific medications, several strategies can help manage pain and promote healing after a tooth extraction. Applying ice packs to the outside of the face, near the extraction site, can reduce swelling and numb the area, especially within the first 24 hours. Resting and avoiding strenuous activities are also important, as physical exertion can increase blood flow to the area, potentially worsening pain or bleeding. Elevating the head with pillows while resting can help minimize swelling.
Proper timing of medication doses is important for consistent pain relief. Taking pain medication before the local anesthetic completely wears off can help maintain comfort. It can be beneficial to take pain medications with food to prevent stomach upset. Contact your dentist if:
Pain worsens or becomes severe after initial improvement.
You notice signs of infection, such as increased swelling, redness, pus, foul taste or odor, or fever.
Symptoms of dry socket develop, typically severe pain starting a few days after extraction, often with a visible empty socket and bad breath.
Additionally, avoid alcohol while taking pain medication, as it can increase side effects like drowsiness, impair judgment, and elevate the risk of liver damage or gastrointestinal bleeding.