The region beneath the left breast contains several important organs. Understanding the anatomy of this area can help clarify potential sources of various sensations or pain, especially for those experiencing discomfort. The upper left part of the abdomen, shielded by the lower rib cage, holds these organs, each with unique roles.
The Spleen
The spleen is located directly under the left rib cage, nestled in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen. It sits behind the stomach and beneath the diaphragm, typically protected by the ninth, tenth, and eleventh ribs. In a healthy adult, the spleen is approximately 7 to 14 centimeters (about 3 to 5.5 inches) in length.
This organ acts as a filter for the blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells. It also plays a significant role in the immune system by storing white blood cells and producing lymphocytes that help fight infections. Additionally, it stores platelets and can hold a reserve of blood.
Neighboring Organs
Several other organs are in close proximity to or extend into the region under the left breast. The stomach’s upper part extends into the left upper abdomen, positioned anterior to the spleen. It is responsible for the initial stages of food digestion, mixing food with gastric acids and enzymes. Behind the stomach, the tail of the pancreas produces enzymes essential for digestion and hormones like insulin, which regulate blood sugar levels.
Further back, the upper pole of the left kidney filters waste products from the blood and maintains the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance. Superior to these abdominal organs is the diaphragm, a large, dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest and abdominal cavities. The diaphragm is fundamental for breathing. Above the diaphragm, the lower lobe of the left lung resides, involved in gas exchange.
Sources of Discomfort
Pain or discomfort under the left breast can stem from various sources. An enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) can result from infections, blood disorders, or liver diseases, leading to a feeling of fullness or a dull ache.
Digestive issues frequently cause pain in this area. Conditions such as gastritis (stomach lining inflammation) or peptic ulcers can cause burning or sharp pain. Acid reflux, where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, may also present as discomfort. Trapped gas in the splenic flexure of the colon, a bend in the large intestine, can cause sharp, localized pain. Inflammation of the pancreas, or pancreatitis, typically causes severe upper abdominal pain that can radiate to the back.
Musculoskeletal problems are another cause. Costochondritis, an inflammation of the cartilage connecting the ribs to the breastbone, can cause sharp chest pain that may extend to the area under the left breast. Rib fractures or muscle strains in the intercostal muscles between the ribs can also lead to pain, often worsened by movement or deep breaths.
Less commonly, cardiac or lung conditions can cause pain in this region. Heart issues like angina or a heart attack may present with pain radiating to the upper left abdomen. Lung conditions such as pneumonia or pleurisy (inflammation of the lung lining) may cause sharp pain that intensifies with deep breathing or coughing.
Seeking Medical Guidance
Persistent or severe pain under the left breast warrants medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause. While many sources of discomfort are benign, some indicate serious conditions requiring prompt attention. Consult a healthcare provider if the pain is severe, sudden, or progressively worsens.
Medical attention is important if accompanied by other concerning symptoms. These include fever, chills, unexplained weight loss, persistent nausea or vomiting, or any signs of bleeding such as black or bloody stools or blood in the urine. If the pain is associated with difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, dizziness, or radiates to the chest, neck, or shoulder, seek immediate medical care. A healthcare professional can perform a thorough examination, conduct necessary diagnostic tests, and provide an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.