Benzonatate is a prescription medication primarily used to alleviate cough symptoms. It functions by calming the cough reflex, specifically by desensitizing the stretch receptors located in the respiratory passages, lungs, and pleura. This action helps to reduce the urge to cough without being a narcotic. The effects of benzonatate typically manifest within 15 to 20 minutes after administration and can last for approximately three to eight hours.
Specific Medications to Avoid
Combining benzonatate with other medications requires careful consideration due to potential interactions. Many central nervous system (CNS) depressants can significantly increase the risk of adverse reactions when taken concurrently with benzonatate.
Opioid medications, such as oxycodone and hydrocodone, are strong CNS depressants that can lead to increased sedation, confusion, and a heightened risk of respiratory depression. Similarly, sedatives and tranquilizers, including benzodiazepines like diazepam and alprazolam, can amplify the drowsy and dizzying effects of benzonatate. These combinations can result in impaired cognitive function and coordination.
Certain antihistamines, particularly older generations like diphenhydramine, also cause drowsiness. Taking these alongside benzonatate can worsen drowsiness and lead to increased confusion. Muscle relaxers, such as cyclobenzaprine and carisoprodol, and prescription sleeping aids like zolpidem, also contribute to sedation, making their co-administration with benzonatate ill-advised.
Psychotropic medications can interact with benzonatate. Antidepressants, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may lead to serotonin syndrome. This can manifest with symptoms like agitation, rapid heart rate, and altered mental status.
Antipsychotic medications may also pose a risk by exacerbating changes in mental awareness, such as confusion or hallucinations. It is important to avoid other cough and cold medications that cause drowsiness or contain dextromethorphan, as these can compound the sedative effects of benzonatate. Benzonatate shares structural similarities with local anesthetics like procaine and tetracaine, and combining it with other anesthesia medications can lead to excessive drowsiness and slowed breathing.
Other Substances to Avoid
Alcohol is another substance that should be avoided while taking benzonatate due to its effects on the central nervous system. Both alcohol and benzonatate can cause drowsiness and dizziness, and their combined use can significantly intensify these effects. This increased sedation can impair coordination and judgment, raising the risk of accidents.
Beyond increasing sedative effects, alcohol consumption with benzonatate may also worsen gastrointestinal side effects like nausea. It is important to refrain from alcohol when using benzonatate.
Recognizing Adverse Reactions
Understanding the signs of an adverse reaction or overdose is important when taking benzonatate. Severe drowsiness, confusion, and hallucinations are possible indicators of a significant reaction.
More serious signs can include restlessness, tremors, seizures, and even loss of consciousness. Cardiovascular issues such as a slow heart rate, weak pulse, or fainting may also occur. Respiratory depression, characterized by slow or absent breathing, is a particularly dangerous symptom that requires immediate attention.
If a benzonatate capsule is chewed or dissolved rather than swallowed whole, it can cause a numbing sensation in the mouth, throat, or face. This improper use can lead to a choking sensation, difficulty breathing, or even spasms in the larynx or bronchi. If any severe symptoms are observed, such as difficulty breathing, seizures, or unresponsiveness, immediate medical attention is necessary. Contacting Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 or emergency services is crucial.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
It is always advisable to consult a healthcare professional regarding the use of benzonatate, especially before starting any new medications. This includes both prescription drugs and over-the-counter remedies. Informing your doctor or pharmacist about any changes to your existing medication regimen is also important.
Seeking medical advice is also necessary if you experience persistent side effects while taking benzonatate. Individuals with underlying health conditions, such as respiratory issues, kidney or liver disease, or certain mental health conditions, should discuss these with their healthcare provider. A complete disclosure of your medical history and current medication list helps ensure safe and effective treatment.