A solar eclipse happens when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, blocking the Sun’s light from reaching our planet. While a captivating astronomical event, observing a solar eclipse without proper precautions can lead to serious and lasting harm. This guide outlines actions to avoid, ensuring safety during this rare phenomenon.
Never Look Directly Without Certified Protection
Looking directly at the Sun during an eclipse without appropriate eye protection poses a significant risk to eye health. Regular sunglasses, regardless of their darkness or UV protection claims, are insufficient for direct solar viewing. They typically allow about 20% of visible light to pass through, which is far too much for safe solar observation. The Sun emits harmful ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation, which regular sunglasses do not adequately block.
True eclipse glasses and handheld solar viewers are designed to meet the ISO 12312-2 international safety standard. These specialized filters block nearly 100% of harmful UV and IR light, and reduce visible light by 99.999%. Using homemade filters, smoked glass, exposed film, or medical X-ray film is unsafe as these materials do not offer adequate protection. Viewing the Sun directly, even for a few seconds, can cause solar retinopathy, a condition where the retina is damaged by intense light. Symptoms of solar retinopathy, such as blurred vision, blind spots, or distorted vision, may appear hours or even a day after exposure and can result in permanent central vision loss.
Avoid Using Unfiltered Optical Devices
Using optical devices like binoculars, telescopes, or camera lenses to view an eclipse without specialized solar filters attached to the front of the equipment is extremely dangerous. These devices concentrate the Sun’s rays, intensifying the light and heat. Even if wearing eclipse glasses, looking through an unfiltered optical device can burn through the protective filter and cause immediate, severe eye injury.
The concentrated solar rays can damage both the viewing device and, more importantly, the viewer’s eyes. Specialized solar filters designed for optical devices must be securely fitted over the objective lens, the front part of the equipment, not the eyepiece. Standard camera filters or welding glass are not suitable substitutes for these purpose-built solar filters. Using improper filtration with magnifying optics can lead to irreversible retinal damage due to the extreme light concentration.
Don’t Drive Distracted or Unprepared
During an eclipse, unexpected traffic and distracted drivers can create hazardous road conditions. Avoid pulling over on the side of busy roads or stopping in traffic to observe the event. Such actions can obstruct traffic flow and increase the risk of collisions. It is also unsafe to look up at the sky while driving, as this diverts attention from the road.
Planning a safe, designated viewing location in advance is a responsible approach. Expect increased traffic congestion in areas within the eclipse’s path, and allow ample travel time. Remaining aware of surroundings, especially in public viewing areas, contributes to overall safety during the event.
Don’t Overlook Pet Safety
While pets typically do not stare directly at the Sun due to their natural instincts, their safety during an eclipse should still be considered. Forcing pets to wear eclipse glasses or encouraging them to look up at the Sun is unnecessary and can be distressing for the animal. Animals generally avoid looking at bright lights, including the Sun.
Keeping pets indoors or in a secure, familiar environment during the peak eclipse period can help prevent anxiety or confusion. The sudden darkening of the sky and the unusual human activity might cause some animals to exhibit brief periods of confusion or changes in behavior. If outdoor viewing is planned, ensure pets are in a safe, controlled area, perhaps on a leash, to prevent them from becoming spooked by crowds or unusual noises.