Wisdom tooth extraction is a common surgical procedure to remove the third set of molars, which often lack sufficient space to emerge properly. The period immediately following the surgery is a delicate phase where the body begins healing the surgical site. Proper post-operative care is necessary to minimize complications and ensure a rapid, comfortable recovery.
Avoiding Negative Pressure and Clot Disturbance
The primary concern immediately following extraction is protecting the blood clot that forms in the empty socket. This clot serves as a biological bandage, shielding the underlying bone and nerves while acting as a foundation for new tissue growth. If this protective seal is disturbed, the painful condition known as alveolar osteitis, or dry socket, can occur.
A major cause of dry socket is the creation of negative pressure inside the mouth, which can physically pull the clot from the socket. Using a straw to drink is strictly prohibited for at least the first 72 hours post-surgery. Similarly, habits like smoking or vaping must be avoided, as the inhalation action creates a suction force that easily dislodges the clot.
Forceful spitting or aggressive rinsing should also be avoided for the first few days, as these actions generate excessive pressure against the surgical site. If the mouth needs to be cleared of liquid, gently allow the fluid to passively drip out over a sink. After the initial 24 hours, gentle rinsing with a warm saltwater solution can begin by simply tilting the head rather than swishing vigorously.
Prohibited Foods and Drinks
Dietary choices directly impact the surgical site and the clot’s stability. Hard, crunchy, or sharp foods pose a direct physical threat because they can puncture the clot or become lodged in the empty socket. Foods like nuts, chips, popcorn, and seeds should be completely avoided for at least the first week.
Consuming excessively hot liquids, such as coffee, tea, or steaming soups, should be avoided for the first 24 hours. High temperatures can increase blood flow to the surgical area, which may provoke renewed bleeding and prematurely dissolve the forming blood clot. All soups or broths should be cooled to a lukewarm temperature before consumption.
Refrain from chewing on the side of the mouth where the extraction occurred to prevent unnecessary stress on the healing gum tissue. Carbonated beverages, including soda and sparkling water, should be avoided, as the bubbling action can irritate the wound site or disrupt the clot. Acidic drinks, such as orange juice or lemonade, can also cause discomfort and inflammation.
Restrictions on Physical Activity and Habits
Strenuous physical activity, including heavy lifting or intense exercise, is restricted because it elevates blood pressure and heart rate. This increase in systemic pressure can cause throbbing at the extraction site and may increase the risk of bleeding or dislodging the newly formed clot. Abstain from any vigorous activity for the initial 48 to 72 hours.
Even non-strenuous activities like bending over should also be minimized, as this causes a rush of blood pressure to the head and surgical site. When resting, the head should be kept elevated with extra pillows rather than lying completely flat, which helps to minimize swelling. Returning to light activity, such as walking, is safe after three to five days, provided no pain or bleeding occurs.
Drinking alcohol should be avoided entirely, particularly if prescription pain medication has been provided, due to the risk of dangerous drug interactions. Alcohol can also impede the healing process. Do not apply any form of external heat, like a heating pad, directly to the face in the first few days, as this can worsen swelling.