Vitrectomy is a common eye surgery that removes the vitreous humor, a gel-like substance, from the eye. This procedure is performed to address various conditions affecting the retina, such as retinal detachment, macular holes, or significant bleeding. Adhering to post-operative instructions is crucial for successful healing and vision recovery, minimizing the risk of complications.
Crucial Immediate Restrictions
Immediately following vitrectomy surgery, certain activities must be avoided to protect the healing eye. If a gas or oil bubble was used to support the retina, specific head positioning is often required, such as keeping the face down or lying on a specific side. This positioning allows the bubble to press against the retina, acting like an internal splint to facilitate healing. Deviating from the prescribed head position can prevent the bubble from effectively supporting the retina.
Patients should avoid bending over or lifting heavy objects. These actions can increase pressure within the eye, potentially compromising the surgical site. Activities that cause straining, such as during bowel movements, should also be avoided; a doctor might suggest stool softeners. Protecting the operated eye from any direct contact is important, meaning patients should not rub or apply pressure to it.
To minimize infection risk, prevent water from entering the eye, such as when showering or getting tap water into the eye. Driving is prohibited immediately after surgery because vision can be impaired, especially if a gas bubble was used, and the effects of anesthesia can linger. This restriction typically lasts until vision has sufficiently improved and the surgeon gives clearance.
Longer-Term Activity Limitations
As the eye continues to heal, which can take weeks to months, some activities remain restricted to prevent complications and support long-term recovery. Strenuous exercise, vigorous physical activities, or contact sports should be avoided. These activities carry a risk of jostling the head or causing impact to the eye, which could disrupt the healing process.
Swimming, using hot tubs, or visiting saunas are prohibited for several weeks. These environments can harbor bacteria, increasing the risk of eye infection. If a gas bubble was placed in the eye during surgery, flying in airplanes or traveling to high altitudes is strictly forbidden until the bubble has completely dissipated. Changes in atmospheric pressure can cause the gas bubble to expand rapidly, potentially leading to severe eye damage and vision loss.
Applying eye makeup or wearing contact lenses should be avoided until cleared by the surgeon. Makeup can introduce bacteria, and contact lenses might irritate the healing eye or increase the risk of infection. Returning to work or other daily routines too soon can be detrimental, especially if they involve eye strain or potential hazards. Patients with desk jobs might return within one to two weeks, but those with physically demanding roles may need longer.
Warning Signs Not to Overlook
Recognizing and promptly addressing certain symptoms after vitrectomy surgery is important. Do not ignore a sudden worsening of vision, new floaters, or flashes of light. These symptoms could indicate a serious complication, such as a retinal detachment or hemorrhage, requiring immediate medical attention.
Increased eye pain, significant redness, or swelling are not typical signs of normal healing and should prompt immediate contact with the ophthalmologist. These symptoms can indicate infection, which requires swift treatment to prevent further damage. Any new or unusual discharge from the eye should also not be disregarded, as it can be a sign of infection.
Do not alter prescribed eye drops or medications without consulting your surgeon. These medications are carefully chosen to manage inflammation, prevent infection, and control eye pressure; unsupervised changes can impede healing or cause complications. Skipping post-operative check-ups is detrimental, as these appointments allow the surgeon to monitor healing and make necessary adjustments to the treatment plan. Do not delay seeking emergency care for concerning symptoms; contact your ophthalmologist or seek immediate medical help.