Hearing aids can sometimes produce a high-pitched whistling or squealing sound, commonly known as feedback. This common issue is typically manageable for hearing aid users. Understanding its causes is the first step toward resolution.
Understanding the Feedback Loop
Hearing aid feedback happens when amplified sound escapes the ear canal and is then picked up by the hearing aid’s microphone. This creates a continuous loop where the sound is re-amplified, resulting in the characteristic whistling noise. It functions similarly to a microphone held too close to a speaker, causing a loud squeal. Modern hearing aids often include advanced feedback cancellation technology.
Common Causes of Squealing
Several factors can lead to a hearing aid producing a squealing sound. An improper fit or seal of the hearing aid within the ear is a common reason. If the device, or its earmold or dome, does not sit snugly in the ear canal, amplified sound can leak out and re-enter the microphone, triggering feedback. Ear shape can change over time due to natural aging or fluctuations in weight, which might affect the hearing aid’s once-perfect fit.
Another frequent cause is excessive earwax. If the ear canal is blocked, the amplified sound cannot properly travel inward, causing it to bounce back and be picked up by the hearing aid’s microphone. Similarly, turning the hearing aid’s volume too high can force amplified sound to escape the ear and re-enter the microphone.
External obstructions can also momentarily cause feedback. Objects like hands, hats, scarves, or even a close hug can block the hearing aid or reflect sound back into its microphone. Internal mechanical problems with the hearing aid, such as damaged tubing, a dislodged microphone, or other component malfunctions, can cause persistent squealing.
Practical Solutions for Feedback
Addressing hearing aid squealing often involves simple steps users can take. First, check and adjust the hearing aid’s fit. Ensuring the device is properly inserted and seated snugly in the ear canal creates a better seal, preventing sound leakage and subsequent feedback. Repositioning the hearing aid can sometimes resolve the issue.
Managing earwax buildup is another important step. Regular and safe ear hygiene practices can prevent wax from blocking the ear canal and reflecting sound back into the hearing aid. If there is a significant accumulation of earwax, professional removal may be necessary to clear the pathway for sound. Adjusting the hearing aid’s volume can also help; lowering the setting to a comfortable level can reduce the likelihood of sound escaping and re-entering the microphone.
Users should also be aware of their surroundings and avoid situations where objects might press against or cover their hearing aid. This includes being mindful of hats, scarves, or even a hand that could momentarily block the device and cause feedback. Regularly cleaning the hearing aid, including checking for and removing debris from the microphone or speaker, can also improve performance and prevent squealing.
When to Seek Professional Guidance
While many instances of hearing aid squealing can be resolved with simple adjustments, professional help from an audiologist may be necessary. If feedback persists despite trying common troubleshooting steps, it may indicate a more complex issue. An audiologist can conduct a thorough evaluation to identify the root cause, whether it is related to the fit, a mechanical problem, or programming.
Suspected mechanical issues, such as damaged tubing, a dislodged microphone, or other internal component problems, warrant a professional inspection. An audiologist can perform repairs or replacements for these parts. For individuals who experience chronic feedback due to fit issues, an audiologist might recommend custom earmolds. These are specifically molded to the individual’s ear shape, providing a superior seal that can significantly reduce sound leakage. Audiologists can also make precise adjustments or reprogramming changes to the hearing aid’s settings to mitigate feedback and optimize sound quality.