Cows with black and white markings are a familiar sight in agricultural landscapes worldwide. Their distinctive patterned coats make them easily recognizable. While many people associate this coloration with a single type of dairy cow, several breeds exhibit this striking appearance. These breeds have unique characteristics and uses.
The Iconic Black and White Dairy Cow
The most recognized black and white cow is the Holstein Friesian, often called Holstein in North America. This breed originated in the lowlands of northern Holland and Friesland, as well as Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany. It developed from the interbreeding of black cattle from the Batavians and white cattle from the Frisians, evolving into an efficient dairy animal.
Holstein Friesians are known for their large size; a mature cow weighs between 680 to 770 kilograms (1,500–1,700 pounds) and stands 145–165 centimeters (57–65 inches) tall at the shoulder. Their coat features prominent black and white patches, though the exact pattern varies significantly among individuals. This breed is primarily raised for dairy production and is recognized for its high milk yield.
On average, Holstein Friesian cows produce a substantial amount of milk. In the United States, average annual production for Holsteins is around 10,443 kilograms (23,022 pounds) of milk. This high productivity, combined with their adaptability to various farming systems, has made them the predominant dairy breed in many countries.
Other Notable Black and White Breeds
While Holsteins dominate the dairy industry, other cattle breeds also display black and white coloration. The Belted Galloway, originating from Scotland, is a beef cattle breed distinguished by a wide, unbroken white belt encircling its body between the shoulders and hips. The rest of their coat is typically black, though dun or red variations with the white belt exist.
Belted Galloways are well-adapted to harsh conditions, possessing a double coat for insulation and excellent foraging abilities. These naturally polled (hornless) animals are primarily raised for their high-quality, lean beef, which is often grass-fed. Adult cows weigh between 450 and 600 kilograms (990 to 1,320 pounds), making them smaller than Holsteins.
Another breed with black and white markings is the British Friesian, closely related to the Holstein Friesian. The British Friesian was selectively bred in the UK to be a dual-purpose animal, providing both milk and beef. They are more robust and less angular than their Holstein counterparts, with an emphasis on longevity and fertility.
The Dutch Belted, also known as Lakenvelder, is another black and white breed with a striking appearance similar to the Belted Galloway. Originating in the Netherlands, this dairy breed features a solid black or red body with a continuous white belt around its middle. Dutch Belted cows are efficient grazers, producing easily digestible milk. They are also suitable for meat production.