The Pacific Northwest, encompassing Washington, Oregon, and parts of British Columbia and Idaho, offers diverse ecosystems for various owl species. This article identifies prominent owl species found in this region.
Prominent Owl Species of the Pacific Northwest
The Barred Owl is a large owl, 17 to 24 inches tall, recognized by its brown and white barring. Its distinct “Who cooks for you? Who cooks for you all?” hoot is common in many Pacific Northwest forests.
The Great Horned Owl is a robust predator, 18 to 25 inches tall, with prominent ear tufts. Its mottled brown and gray plumage provides camouflage. Its deep, resonant “hoo-hoo-hoo-hooo-hoo” hoot is often heard at dusk.
The Northern Pygmy-Owl is a small, diurnal owl, only 6 to 7 inches tall. It has a rounded head, yellow eyes, and false eyes on its neck. Its call is a series of soft, whistled toots.
The Western Screech-Owl is a compact owl, 8 to 10 inches tall, exhibiting gray or reddish-brown plumage that helps it blend into tree bark. It lacks prominent ear tufts. Its characteristic call is a rapid, accelerating series of hoots or a bouncing ball-like trill.
The Northern Spotted Owl is a medium-sized owl, 17 to 19 inches tall, characterized by dark brown plumage with white spots. It has large, dark eyes and lacks ear tufts. Its four-note hooting call is often described as “hoo-hoo-hoooo-hoo.”
The Barn Owl is identifiable by its heart-shaped white facial disc, pale golden-brown upperparts, and pure white underparts. It stands about 13 to 16 inches tall. Unlike many other owls, it produces a raspy, hissing screech instead of a hoot.
Identifying Features and Vocalizations
Distinguishing owl species in the Pacific Northwest relies on visual cues. Visual differentiators include the presence or absence of ear tufts; for example, the Great Horned Owl has prominent ear tufts, unlike the Barn Owl or Northern Spotted Owl. Facial disc patterns also vary, with the Barn Owl’s unique heart-shaped face contrasting with the more rounded discs of species like the Barred Owl. Eye color provides clues, such as the Northern Pygmy-Owl’s bright yellow eyes compared to the Northern Spotted Owl’s dark eyes.
Vocalizations are particularly important for identification, especially given nocturnal habits. Hoots vary significantly; the Great Horned Owl’s deep, rhythmic hoots differ from the Barred Owl’s question-like calls. The Western Screech-Owl’s accelerating trill is distinct from the Northern Pygmy-Owl’s simple toots. The Barn Owl’s characteristic screech, not a hoot, further sets it apart, providing a clear auditory marker.
Habitat Preferences and Distribution
The Pacific Northwest’s varied landscapes support diverse owl habitats. Dense old-growth and mature coniferous forests suit species such as the Northern Spotted Owl, which relies on large trees for nesting. More adaptable owls, including the Great Horned and Barred Owls, inhabit mixed forests, riparian zones, and suburban areas. The Barn Owl prefers open grasslands and agricultural areas for hunting. Smaller owls like the Western Screech-Owl and Northern Pygmy-Owl are found in various wooded habitats, often near water.