The quiet of night often brings piercing screeches, leading many to wonder if they belong to an owl. Understanding the source of these nighttime calls can deepen appreciation for the nocturnal world. This article explores which owls produce such sounds and the communications they convey.
Identifying the Common Screeching Owls
The Barn Owl (Tyto alba) is often associated with screeching. Unlike hooting owls, Barn Owls primarily communicate through a distinct, harsh screech, often described as a drawn-out shriek. This piercing sound can be unsettling and signals their presence.
Despite their name, Eastern and Western Screech-Owls (Megascops asio, Megascops kennicottii) typically do not screech as their primary vocalization. Eastern Screech-Owls are known for a descending, horse-like whinny or an even-pitched trill. They can, however, produce sharp, barking calls or screeches when agitated or defending nests.
Western Screech-Owls have a primary call described as a “bouncing ball” series of hoots that speed up. They may also make barking sounds when agitated. Young owls frequently emit loud screeches or hissing sounds as begging calls for food.
The Purpose Behind the Screech
Owls use screeches for survival and social interactions. One purpose is territorial display, marking and defending hunting grounds and nesting sites from other owls. This establishes boundaries and reduces resource conflicts.
Screeches also play a role in mating rituals and pair bonding. Male owls use loud, repetitive screeches to attract mates and signal their presence. These vocalizations strengthen the bond between mated pairs, ensuring coordinated efforts in raising young.
Screeches can function as alarm or distress calls. Threatened owls may emit sharp screeches to warn mates or offspring of an approaching predator. Young owls are vocal, using persistent screeching or hissing to beg for food.
Distinguishing Owl Screeches from Other Night Sounds
Many nocturnal animals produce sounds mistaken for owl screeches. The Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) is known for high-pitched screams, eerily similar to a human scream. These vocalizations are often heard during mating season or when foxes establish territory.
Raccoons produce diverse nighttime noises, including squeals, growls, snarls, and high-pitched screeches, particularly during conflicts or communication. Certain nocturnal birds, like the Eastern Whip-poor-will and Chuck-will’s-widow, produce repetitive calls confused with owl sounds. Some pigeons and doves also make cooing sounds mistaken for owl hoots.
To differentiate an owl’s screech from other animal sounds, listen for specific patterns. Owl calls often have a characteristic rhythm. Consider the sound’s context and origin; an owl’s screech typically comes from a stationary perch in a tree, while other animals may be moving. Familiarizing oneself with recordings of nocturnal animal sounds can also help in accurate identification.