Wearing removable dental prosthetics, commonly known as dentures, replaces missing teeth and restores functional chewing ability. Many people who wear dentures still wish to enjoy the simple pleasure of chewing gum. However, the unique mechanical forces and adhesive nature of gum present a distinct challenge for the stability and maintenance of these appliances. Choosing the correct type of gum and practicing specific cleaning techniques is necessary to indulge in this habit without compromising your dental health or the longevity of your dentures.
How Gum Affects Denture Stability
The act of chewing gum applies significant mechanical force that can interfere with the secure placement of dentures, especially full, conventional ones that rely on suction and denture adhesive. As gum becomes sticky, it actively pulls at the surface of the prosthetic material. This adhesive action can lift the denture base away from the underlying gum tissue, causing the loss of the vacuum seal that helps hold it in place.
The repetitive, uneven forces of mastication also contribute to instability. If the gum adheres strongly to the denture, chewing can cause the appliance to shift, click, or become dislodged entirely. This repeated tugging strains any denture adhesive used, potentially weakening the bond over time and leading to a loose fit. This action can create discomfort and soreness in the soft tissues beneath the prosthetic.
Specific Gum Types Recommended
The most suitable gums for denture wearers are those specifically formulated to be non-stick, soft, and sugar-free. These characteristics minimize the risk of adhesion and mechanical stress on the prosthetic. Gums with a modified gum base, such as those that use specific plasticizers or softer polymers, are designed to release cleanly from acrylic materials.
Many denture wearers find success with sugar-free varieties that are less tacky. Soft gums are preferable because they require less aggressive chewing force, reducing the potential for denture movement or damage. Chewing sugar-free gum also promotes saliva production, which is beneficial for moisturizing the mouth and maintaining the natural seal of well-fitting dentures.
Some sugar-free gums contain Xylitol, a sugar alcohol that can offer additional oral health benefits, particularly if you retain natural teeth with a partial denture. Xylitol-sweetened gums are less likely to interact negatively with denture adhesives or the acrylic material. Brands that are specifically marketed as non-stick or designed for dental work, such as Freedent, are often recommended due to their specialized, low-adhesion formula.
Gums That Can Damage Your Dentures
Traditional gums pose several risks due to their composition, which includes synthetic polymers like polyisobutylene and butyl rubber that create strong molecular bonds with the porous acrylic of dentures. This excessive stickiness can lead to the gum becoming firmly lodged in the microscopic crevices and clasps of the appliance. Attempting to remove this stubborn residue can inadvertently lead to chipping, cracking, or warping of the denture material, especially if the appliance is older or has hairline fractures.
Gums containing sugar create problems for oral hygiene. Sugar encourages the growth of bacteria and the formation of a sticky biofilm on the denture surface. This accumulation can contribute to bad breath, gum irritation, and potential infections in the surrounding soft tissues, even if you do not have natural teeth remaining. Furthermore, extremely hard or chewy gums, such as those with caramel or taffy components, place excessive stress on the prosthetic structure, increasing the likelihood of breakage.
Cleaning Dentures After Chewing Gum
Even when using recommended, non-stick gums, some residue may still cling to the denture surfaces, requiring a thorough cleaning routine after use. Begin by gently removing any large, visible pieces of gum with your fingers or a soft cloth, taking care not to scratch the prosthetic. Avoid smearing the gum, as this makes the residue more difficult to remove.
For sticky remnants, soaking the denture can help loosen the material. A mixture of warm water and a denture cleansing solution, or a solution of warm white distilled vinegar and water, can dissolve the residue. After soaking for several minutes, use a soft-bristled denture brush and a non-abrasive denture cleaner to gently scrub the affected areas. Always avoid using excessively hot water, as high temperatures can potentially warp the plastic base of the denture.