Chewing gum while wearing braces has long been a subject of caution, but orthodontic care and gum technology have shifted. The absolute prohibition of gum is now less common, giving way to specific, orthodontist-approved choices. The goal is to navigate the treatment period safely by selecting products that will not compromise the delicate hardware or the health of the teeth beneath the brackets. Understanding the properties of safe gum and the mechanisms of potential damage provides the guidance needed for a successful orthodontic journey.
Identifying Safe Gum Choices
The primary rule for gum chewing with braces is to select only sugar-free varieties, which are designed to be less sticky than their sugary counterparts. Gum sweetened with substitutes like Xylitol offers an added benefit, as Xylitol inhibits the growth of Streptococcus mutans, the bacteria responsible for tooth decay. This reduction in harmful bacteria is particularly helpful because braces create numerous small spaces where plaque can easily accumulate.
Beyond the sugar content, the gum’s texture is equally important for safety. The ideal choice is a soft, pliable gum that remains cohesive and does not break down into sticky pieces that adhere to the hardware. Avoid bubble gum, hard candies, and any highly sticky or chewy confections, as these are likely to damage the brackets and wires.
The Mechanisms of Orthodontic Damage
Unsafe gum causes problems through two distinct pathways: mechanical interference and hygiene deterioration. Mechanically, the sticky consistency of certain gums can pull directly on the brackets, which are bonded to the teeth, potentially weakening the adhesive. This constant, excessive force can lead to a loosened or completely detached bracket, necessitating an unscheduled appointment to re-bond the hardware. Harder or extremely chewy varieties of gum can also place undue stress on the archwires that connect the brackets.
A wire that is bent or broken by chewing action disrupts the precise force needed for tooth movement, effectively stalling or reversing the progress of the treatment. When sugary gum is involved, the hygiene risk is substantial because the trapped sugar feeds oral bacteria, which then produce acid. This acid attack can cause demineralization of the enamel, leading to permanent white spot lesions around the edges of the brackets once the braces are removed.
Practical Considerations for Gum Chewers
Chewing an orthodontist-approved, sugar-free gum can offer several advantages, most notably the stimulation of saliva flow. Increased saliva is beneficial because it helps wash away food debris and neutralize the acidic environment created by oral bacteria, which is a constant challenge for those with braces. This natural cleansing action can be particularly useful when immediate brushing is not possible after a meal or snack.
Despite careful selection, accidents can still occur, and it is important to know the protocol for a loose component. If a bracket or wire is accidentally loosened, you should immediately stop chewing and contact your orthodontist for guidance. Until the appointment, a small piece of orthodontic wax can be placed over the loose bracket or poking wire to prevent irritation to the cheeks and gums. When finished, the gum must be disposed of properly in a wrapper, never stuck to an appliance or retainer, to prevent accidental adhesion or damage.