Understanding their dietary needs, especially fruit, is important for attracting and supporting bluebirds. Providing appropriate fruit can supplement their natural diet, especially during times when insects are scarce.
Preferred Fruits for Bluebirds
Bluebirds are primarily insectivorous during the breeding season, but their diet shifts significantly to fruits during late summer, fall, and winter. They favor soft, fleshy fruits that are easy to digest and provide necessary carbohydrates and fats.
Mulberries are a highly favored fruit, particularly the dark, ripe varieties, due to their high sugar content and soft texture. Elderberries are another excellent choice, offering antioxidants and various vitamins beneficial for overall bird health. Serviceberries, also known as Juneberries, provide a good source of energy and are readily consumed when available.
Blueberries, both wild and cultivated, are often eaten by bluebirds, providing a good source of vitamins C and K. Raspberries and blackberries are also attractive, offering a blend of sugars and fiber. Cherries, especially the smaller, wild varieties, are appealing to bluebirds and supply quick energy. When offering larger fruits like apples, it is helpful to soften them and cut them into small, bite-sized pieces for easier eating.
Fruits to Avoid
While many fruits are beneficial, some should not be offered to bluebirds due to potential toxicity or lack of nutritional value. Avocado contains persin, a fungicidal toxin harmful to birds, so avoid offering any part of it.
Citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, and grapefruits are typically not consumed by bluebirds. Their high acidity can cause digestive upset, and they do not offer the nutritional profile bluebirds seek. Processed fruit products, such as jams or canned fruits, often contain added sugars, preservatives, or artificial ingredients. These lack natural nutrients and can lead to unhealthy dietary habits.
Methods for Offering Fruit
When offering fruit, attention to safety and accessibility is important. Fruit should always be fresh and offered in small, manageable pieces to prevent choking hazards. For instance, berries can be offered whole, but larger fruits like apples should be cut into pieces no larger than a pea.
Platform feeders or suet cages are effective ways to offer fruit. Platform feeders allow bluebirds to perch comfortably while feeding, while suet cages can hold larger pieces of fruit securely. Place feeders in an open area, but near protective cover like shrubs or trees, allowing bluebirds to quickly retreat if a predator approaches.
Maintaining hygiene is important when offering fruit to prevent the spread of disease. Any uneaten fruit should be removed daily to prevent spoilage and the growth of mold or bacteria. Feeders should be cleaned regularly with mild soap and water, then rinsed and dried. This ensures a safe food source for bluebirds.