The presence of wildlife often sparks curiosity, especially when it comes to larger mammals like bears. Michigan’s diverse natural landscapes support a variety of species, drawing interest from residents and visitors alike. Understanding the types of bears that inhabit the state and how they interact with their environment is key to appreciating this aspect of local ecology. This knowledge also helps foster safe coexistence within shared habitats.
The American Black Bear
The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is the only bear species native to Michigan. While reported in every county, their population is most concentrated in the northern regions. Approximately 90% reside in the Upper Peninsula, with the remaining 10% primarily in the northern Lower Peninsula.
Characteristics and Habitat
While typically black, American black bear fur can also appear brown, cinnamon, or yellowish-brown. Adult females in Michigan weigh between 100 to 250 pounds, while males are larger, ranging from 150 to 400 pounds. On all fours, they stand around three feet high, reaching about five feet when standing upright.
Black bears are omnivores, consuming a wide array of foods including tender vegetation, nuts, berries, insects, fish, small mammals, eggs, and carrion. They prefer large, continuous hardwood or conifer forests, as well as swamps and remote areas, which provide ample food and cover.
Living Alongside Bears
Coexisting with black bears requires awareness and proactive measures to prevent conflicts. If you encounter a bear, remain calm, stand your ground, and avoid running or playing dead. Making loud noises, such as yelling or banging objects, and slowly backing away while providing the bear a clear escape route can help encourage it to leave. Bears are fearful of humans and will retreat.
Preventing bears from being attracted to residential areas is important for both human safety and bear welfare. Remove potential food sources like bird feeders, unsecured garbage, and outdoor pet food. Cleaning grills and picnic tables after use also helps minimize attractants. For those with apiaries or fruit trees, electric fencing can be an effective deterrent.
Population and Management
Michigan’s black bear population has seen an increase over the past decade. As of 2022, the state was home to over 12,000 black bears, with more than 10,000 in the Upper Peninsula and over 2,000 in the northern Lower Peninsula. This represents a 21% increase in the Upper Peninsula and a 55% increase in the northern Lower Peninsula between 2012 and 2022. The expansion into more populated areas of the Lower Peninsula has led to an increase in bear nuisance complaints.
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) manages the bear population through a science-based plan. This includes regulated hunting seasons, which help maintain bear numbers at manageable levels. The DNR also conducts research, such as hair snare surveys, to monitor populations and inform management strategies. The goal is to sustain a healthy bear population while minimizing human-bear conflicts.