Wood Sorrel is a common plant found globally, representing the large genus Oxalis within the family Oxalidaceae, which includes over 500 different species. It is often referred to as sourgrass or false shamrock due to its appearance and distinct, sour flavor. The genus name Oxalis is derived from the Greek word for “sharp” or “sour,” referencing this taste. Despite visual similarities, wood sorrel is not related to true clover (Trifolium) or common sorrel (Rumex).
Identifying Characteristics
Wood sorrel plants are easily recognized by their distinctive foliage, consisting of three heart-shaped leaflets joined at a single point, resembling a clover. Unlike true clover, these leaflets have a fold down the middle and fold up at night or under harsh conditions. The flowers typically have five petals and range in color from white with pink or purple veins to bright yellow or pink, depending on the species. These delicate flowers are generally borne singly or in small clusters on thin, wiry stems.
A unique characteristic of many Oxalis species is their method of seed dispersal. After the flower fades, a small, cylindrical seed capsule develops. When mature and disturbed, this capsule can explosively rupture, scattering seeds up to 16 feet away. This mechanism allows the plant to spread rapidly, which is why some varieties are considered tenacious weeds.
Habitat and Common Varieties
Wood sorrel species exhibit a wide distribution, thriving in various environments across the world. Some varieties, such as Oxalis acetosella (common wood sorrel), form lush mats on the floor of mature, shady woodlands. Conversely, species like Oxalis stricta (yellow wood sorrel) and Oxalis corniculata (creeping wood sorrel) are frequently encountered in disturbed areas. These varieties often appear as common lawn or garden weeds, growing in open fields, pastures, and along roadsides.
Culinary Uses and Safety Concerns
Wood sorrel is recognized for its sharp, refreshing flavor, often described as lemony or citrus-like. This tangy taste is primarily due to oxalic acid, a naturally occurring organic compound. The leaves, stems, and flowers are often used sparingly as a garnish, added to salads for an acidic note, or steeped to create a tart beverage.
However, the presence of oxalic acid necessitates caution regarding consumption. While small amounts are generally safe, excessive intake can lead to problems. Oxalic acid binds with minerals, such as calcium, which may inhibit their absorption and contribute to the formation of kidney stones. Individuals with a history of kidney issues, gout, or rheumatism should limit or avoid consuming wood sorrel to prevent a buildup of oxalates.