White piedra is a superficial fungal infection affecting the hair shafts, typically presenting as small, soft nodules. This condition is benign and primarily a cosmetic concern. The infection is not contagious and rarely causes physical discomfort.
Understanding White Piedra
White piedra is caused by yeast-like fungi, predominantly species from the Trichosporon genus, such as Trichosporon inkin and Trichosporon asahii. This infection leads to the formation of distinct nodules along the hair shaft. These fungal growths are soft and light-colored.
The infection commonly affects hair on the scalp, but it can also appear on facial hair like beards and mustaches. Pubic hair and armpit hair are also frequent sites for white piedra. The fungus grows around the hair, creating the characteristic nodules that cling to the individual strands.
Identifying White Piedra
The most characteristic sign of white piedra is the presence of small, soft nodules attached to the hair shafts. These nodules appear off-white, light brown, or yellowish in color and have an irregular texture. They measure between 1 to 3 millimeters in size and are easily moved along the hair strand.
While white piedra is often asymptomatic, some individuals might experience mild irritation or itching in the affected areas. A healthcare professional can diagnose white piedra by visually examining the hair. Microscopic examination of affected hair confirms the presence of fungal elements. In some cases, a fungal culture might be performed to identify the specific Trichosporon species, though this is less common for routine diagnosis.
Managing White Piedra
Managing white piedra begins with physical removal of the affected hair. Shaving or cutting the hair in the involved area is an effective solution, as it eliminates the fungal growth directly.
Topical antifungal treatments are also employed to manage white piedra. Shampoos, creams, or lotions containing active ingredients such as ketoconazole, miconazole, or ciclopirox can be applied to the affected areas. These topical agents are used for several weeks to eradicate the fungus. For more widespread or persistent cases, a doctor might prescribe oral antifungal medications like fluconazole or itraconazole.
Maintaining good hair hygiene is important for preventing recurrence. Thoroughly drying hair after washing and avoiding the sharing of hair accessories or towels can reduce the risk of infection. White piedra is highly treatable, and the condition resolves completely with appropriate measures.