State symbols reflect a region’s unique natural environment or local culture, often highlighting species that are common, ecologically important, or visually striking. The selection process frequently involves community engagement, drawing attention to local biodiversity. This article explores Washington state’s officially recognized insect, detailing its natural history and the unusual path it took to achieve this symbolic status.
Washington’s Official State Insect
Washington’s state insect is the Green Darner Dragonfly, scientifically known as Anax junius. This species is one of the largest and most abundant dragonflies found across North America, making it a familiar sight near the state’s many freshwater habitats. Adult Green Darners are easily identified by their bright, emerald-green head and thorax. They possess a long, slender abdomen, which varies in color depending on the sex.
The males typically exhibit a striking blue abdomen, while females and immature males display a reddish-brown or greenish coloration. These insects are impressive fliers, reaching lengths of up to three inches with a wingspan that can measure over four inches. Their large, compound eyes wrap almost entirely around their head, granting them a nearly 360-degree field of vision for exceptional aerial hunting.
The Green Darner plays an important role in the ecosystem as a voracious predator. The adults consume a wide variety of flying insects, including moths, flies, and especially large numbers of mosquitoes. This ability to control seasonal pests earned the dragonfly the common nickname “mosquito hawk.” Before they take to the air, the young live underwater as aquatic nymphs, or naiads, for up to five years.
During the aquatic stage, the naiads are carnivores, feeding on small fish, tadpoles, and other aquatic insects. They employ a unique form of jet propulsion by drawing water into and expelling it from their rectal chamber to dart away from predators. This two-stage life cycle establishes the Green Darner as a significant contributor to both aquatic and terrestrial food webs across Washington.
The Journey to Designation
The designation of the Green Darner Dragonfly as Washington’s official insect followed a legislative process initiated by a group of fifth-grade students at Crestwood Elementary School in Kent, Washington. The proposal was not started by scientists or legislators. The students presented their case to the state legislature, and the effort was broadly supported by students from over 100 school districts statewide who participated in the selection process.
The legislative body formally recognized the Green Darner in 1997 with the passage of a bill. The official designation is codified in the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 1.20.047.