Vetiver grass, sometimes called “vertie” grass, is a highly versatile perennial plant with an extensive range of applications. Scientifically known as Chrysopogon zizanioides, it has been used globally for thousands of years. This robust and adaptable species originates from tropical and subtropical regions, primarily India, and is valued for its distinct physical properties in various environmental and commercial applications.
Understanding Vetiver Grass
Vetiver grass is a densely tufted perennial, growing 1.5 to 3 meters (5 to 10 feet) tall in clumps of similar width. It has erect, stiff stems and narrow, rigid leaves. Unlike most grasses, vetiver’s roots grow uniquely downward.
Its root system is vetiver’s most distinguishing feature, growing vertically and deeply into the soil. These finely structured, strong roots can reach depths of 3 to 4 meters (10 to 13 feet) within the first year, with some reports indicating over 8 meters (25 feet). This massive, compact root network lacks stolons or rhizomes, making it non-invasive as it does not spread laterally. The roots’ tensile strength, comparable to one-sixth that of mild steel, provides exceptional soil binding capabilities.
Diverse Applications and Benefits
Vetiver grass is widely recognized for its effectiveness in erosion control. Dense hedges planted along contours slow water runoff, allowing more water to infiltrate the soil and trapping sediment. This process forms natural terraces over time, improving soil and water conservation, especially in agriculture. For example, studies in Nigeria show vetiver strips can reduce soil loss by about 70% and runoff by approximately 130%.
The plant is also a powerful tool in phytoremediation, absorbing a wide range of contaminants, including heavy metals, from soil and water. This makes it suitable for rehabilitating degraded lands and treating contaminated wastewater. Beyond environmental uses, vetiver’s aromatic roots are a source of essential oil, highly valued in perfume and aromatherapy for its woody, earthy scent. Traditionally, the roots are woven into mats, fans, and screens, while leaves are used for thatch, mulch, and animal feed.
Cultivation and Maintenance
Vetiver grass adapts to various growing conditions, thriving in tropical and subtropical climates (USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 9 to 11). It prefers full sun, as young plants are not shade tolerant, and grows well in diverse soil types, from sand to clay. While it tolerates a broad pH range (3 to 11), it prefers neutral to slightly alkaline soils (pH 6.0-7.5).
Propagation is typically done using “slips,” which are bare-rooted plant divisions, as vetiver is generally sterile and does not produce viable seeds. Slips should be planted 3 to 6 inches apart in rows to form a dense hedge, with initial watering crucial for establishment until new roots develop. Once established, vetiver is highly drought-tolerant due to its deep root system, though regular watering can promote vigorous growth. Minimal fertilization is required, but an annual application of compost or organic fertilizer can enhance growth, especially in infertile soils. Regular trimming of the leaves to a height of 15 to 20 inches, particularly in early spring or winter, promotes new tillers, maintains plant health, and can provide biomass for mulch.