Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) is a medical procedure for uterine fibroids, which are non-cancerous growths on the uterus that can cause various symptoms. This minimally invasive treatment alleviates discomfort and other issues by causing fibroids to shrink. It offers an option for individuals seeking to manage symptoms without traditional surgery.
Understanding Uterine Fibroid Embolization
Uterine Fibroid Embolization is a non-surgical alternative to more invasive options like hysterectomy (uterus removal) or myomectomy (fibroid removal). UFE shrinks fibroids by obstructing their blood supply, preserving the uterus for those who wish to retain their reproductive organs.
The procedure is performed by an interventional radiologist, a medical specialist trained in using image-guided techniques to diagnose and treat conditions through small punctures. They use catheters and fine instruments to reach affected areas without large incisions. This specialized expertise allows UFE with less pain and a shorter recovery compared to open surgery.
UFE targets blood vessels that nourish fibroids, causing them to gradually reduce in size. This alleviates symptoms like heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure. The effectiveness and less invasive nature of UFE make it a recognized option for managing fibroid concerns.
How UFE Works
The UFE procedure typically begins with local anesthesia in the groin. A small incision or needle puncture is made, and a thin, flexible catheter is inserted into the femoral artery, the main blood vessel supplying the leg.
Using real-time imaging guidance, such as fluoroscopy, the interventional radiologist navigates the catheter through the arterial system. The catheter reaches the uterine arteries, which are the specific blood vessels supplying the fibroids. Contrast dye may be injected to visualize these arteries and confirm positioning.
Once the catheter is positioned in the uterine arteries, tiny embolic agents are injected. These particles, often described as being the size of sand grains, travel through the bloodstream and lodge in smaller blood vessels feeding the fibroids. This blocks blood flow, depriving them of oxygen and nutrients. Both uterine arteries supplying the fibroids are treated. After embolization, the catheter is removed, and pressure is applied to the incision site to prevent bleeding.
Who Is a Candidate for UFE?
UFE is generally considered for individuals with symptomatic uterine fibroids. Common symptoms include heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pelvic pressure. Issues like frequent urination or constipation can also arise if fibroids press on nearby organs.
Many individuals who wish to preserve their uterus and avoid major surgery, such as a hysterectomy, explore UFE. It is also suitable for those desiring a quicker recovery than traditional surgical procedures. A thorough medical evaluation by a healthcare provider, often with an interventional radiologist, determines suitability.
Fibroid characteristics, including their size, number, and location, are assessed to determine if they are amenable to UFE. While effective for many, UFE may not be recommended for asymptomatic fibroids, pregnancy, or certain active pelvic infections.
Life After UFE
After UFE, individuals can expect a recovery period typically shorter than surgical alternatives. Pain and cramping are common immediately following the procedure. These symptoms are usually managed with prescribed medications.
Fatigue, mild nausea, and sometimes a low-grade fever can occur as part of post-embolization syndrome. These symptoms typically resolve within 10 days. Most individuals can return to light activities within a week, with a full return to normal routines often possible within two weeks.
Fibroid shrinkage and significant symptom improvement (e.g., reduced heavy bleeding and less pelvic pressure) are typically noticed within the first three months after UFE. Further improvements continue for several months as fibroids decrease. Follow-up appointments and imaging monitor progress and confirm fibroid shrinkage.