Triceps tendonitis affects the triceps tendon, a strong connective tissue band. This tendon connects the triceps muscle, located at the back of the upper arm, to the elbow bones, specifically the olecranon part of the ulna. The triceps muscle has three heads originating from the shoulder blade or upper arm bone, converging at the elbow.
The triceps muscle and its tendon primarily enable arm extension and provide strength for pushing movements. It also helps maintain upper body balance. Irritation of the triceps tendon can cause discomfort and hinder daily activities.
Triceps tendonitis is inflammation of this tendon, often from repetitive strain or overuse causing microtears. While microtears usually heal with rest, continued strain without adequate recovery can lead to larger tears and pain.
The term “tendinosis” describes a degenerative process within the tendon, characterized by collagen disorganization rather than inflammation. While often used interchangeably, tendonitis implies an inflammatory response, whereas tendinosis involves structural changes and degeneration.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
Triceps tendonitis often develops from overuse and repetitive arm and elbow motions. Activities requiring forceful arm extension or pushing, like bench-pressing or throwing, stress the triceps tendon. Repeated stress can cause microtears that accumulate faster than the body can repair them.
A sudden increase in physical activity intensity or frequency, especially without proper conditioning, is a common trigger. Individuals starting new routines who do too much too soon often experience this. Improper form during exercises, particularly weight training, also contributes by placing undue strain on the tendon.
Certain sports and occupations elevate the risk of triceps tendonitis. Weightlifters, throwing athletes, and swimmers are susceptible due to constant demands on the elbow extension mechanism. Occupations with repetitive arm movements, like hammering or shoveling, also increase vulnerability.
Beyond activity factors, individual characteristics can increase susceptibility. While more common in males, individuals with reduced strength or flexibility are also at higher risk. Health conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and metabolic syndromes are associated with increased tendon issues.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Pain is a symptom of triceps tendonitis, often felt at the back of the elbow or within the triceps muscle. This discomfort often worsens with arm straightening movements, such as pushing or lifting objects. Pain can range from a persistent ache to a sharp sensation when extending the arm.
The affected area may exhibit visible swelling and tenderness. A grating or grinding sensation might be felt or heard when moving the elbow, indicating tendon irritation. Redness can also occur, potentially darkening over time.
Arm weakness, particularly when extending it, is another common sign. This weakness can make everyday tasks challenging, such as pushing off a chair or lifting. A limited range of motion might also be experienced, restricting the ability to fully straighten or bend the elbow.
Symptoms might extend beyond the elbow, with some experiencing achiness in the shoulder or upper arm. In severe cases, a popping noise or feeling might occur at the time of injury, with intense pain and excessive swelling. Recognizing these signs helps in seeking appropriate medical evaluation.
Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches
Diagnosis typically begins with a thorough physical examination by a healthcare professional. The doctor assesses the affected area for tenderness, swelling, and pain, often by palpating the triceps tendon and testing arm range of motion and strength. Resisted movements may also be used to evaluate how resistance affects elbow straightening.
While a physical exam often provides strong indications, medical imaging may be utilized if symptoms are severe or unresponsive to initial treatments. X-rays rule out bone issues, while ultrasound or MRI scans provide detailed soft tissue views, confirming tendon injury or inflammation. These techniques assess severity and guide treatment decisions.
Non-surgical approaches are the initial course of action. Rest from aggravating activities is fundamental for tendon healing. Applying ice helps reduce inflammation and pain. Compression and elevation may also be recommended as part of the RICE protocol to manage swelling.
Physical therapy plays a significant role, focusing on targeted stretching and strengthening exercises. These exercises restore tendon strength and flexibility, helping prevent recurrence. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin, alleviate pain and reduce swelling.
For persistent or severe cases, a healthcare provider might consider corticosteroid injections for temporary pain relief and inflammation reduction. These injections are used cautiously and not for prolonged periods, as they can potentially weaken the tendon with repeated use. Surgical intervention is a last resort for chronic cases unresponsive to at least six months of conservative management or with significant strength deficits. Surgical procedures aim to repair or reattach the damaged tendon, with success rates varying by injury extent.