It is common to notice changes in the extraction site after a tooth removal. While the healing area might seem unfamiliar, many changes are a normal part of the body’s recovery process. Understanding what to expect can help identify when a “growth” is typical and when it warrants a visit to your dentist.
Understanding Normal Healing After Extraction
A blood clot forms in the empty socket, which is essential for protecting underlying bone and nerves. This clot helps prevent complications like dry socket and initiates tissue repair. Within the first few days, this blood clot integrates with surrounding tissue. Around days 2-3, soft, reddish or whitish granulation tissue forms over the socket. This granulation tissue is composed of new blood vessels, collagen, and white blood cells, actively working to fill the space and protect against infection. Its formation indicates proper healing. Over the next few weeks, this tissue strengthens, and gum tissue gradually closes as new bone fills the socket.
Identifying Common Post-Extraction Growths
Granulation tissue, which might appear white or pinkish and somewhat bumpy, is a healthy sign that replaces the initial blood clot. This tissue helps to close the wound, prevent infection, and lay the foundation for new gum and bone. Its presence should not cause alarm unless accompanied by other concerning symptoms.
Sometimes, a sharp sensation or a small, hard piece in the extraction area might be a bone spur, also called a bone spicule. These tiny jawbone fragments can dislodge during extraction and work their way to the surface as the site heals. While they can cause discomfort by irritating the tongue or cheek, they are generally harmless and often resolve on their own as the body expels or reabsorbs them.
Gum tissue overgrowth, or gingival hyperplasia, can also occur. This refers to excess gum tissue growing over the extraction site, sometimes happening after oral surgery as the body repairs the area. Less commonly, a small fragment of the tooth root might remain embedded in the gum after extraction. A retained root fragment can become visible or cause symptoms such as persistent pain, swelling, or discharge if infected.
When to Consult a Dentist
While many post-extraction changes are normal, certain signs indicate a need for professional evaluation. Persistent or worsening pain that does not improve or intensifies beyond initial discomfort can signal a complication. Swelling that increases or spreads after the first 48-72 hours, rather than subsiding, also requires attention.
Other indicators of a potential issue include pus or foul discharge from the extraction site, suggesting an infection. A persistent bad taste or odor not resolved with good oral hygiene can also point to an infection or dry socket. Additionally, a fever, swollen glands, difficulty opening the mouth, or a “growth” that is noticeably increasing in size, becoming painful, or significantly changing color should prompt a call to your dentist. Your dentist can assess the situation and determine if intervention is necessary.