The umbilicus, commonly known as the belly button or navel, is a familiar part of human anatomy. It serves as a subtle, permanent reminder of a crucial connection that existed before birth.
Defining the Umbilicus
The umbilicus is the fibrous remnant of the umbilical cord. It marks the spot where the umbilical cord once attached, providing a central anatomical landmark on the anterior abdominal wall. Its appearance can vary widely among individuals, making each umbilicus unique.
The Umbilical Cord’s Vital Function
During fetal development, the umbilical cord plays an important role connecting the developing fetus to the placenta. This tube-like structure facilitates the exchange of substances between the mother and the baby. The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein, enveloped within a protective substance called Wharton’s jelly.
The umbilical vein transports oxygen-rich, nutrient-dense blood from the placenta to the fetus, supplying essential elements like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids necessary for growth. Conversely, the two umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood and metabolic waste products, such as carbon dioxide and urea, from the fetus back to the placenta for removal by the mother’s system. This intricate system ensures the fetus receives continuous nourishment and efficiently disposes of waste throughout gestation.
The Transformation After Birth
Immediately following birth, the umbilical cord’s function ceases as the newborn begins to breathe independently and receive nourishment. Healthcare providers then clamp and cut the umbilical cord, a painless procedure for both mother and baby. This leaves a small stump, typically about 2 to 3 centimeters long, attached to the newborn’s abdomen.
Over the next one to three weeks, this umbilical stump undergoes a natural process of drying, shrinking, and darkening in color. It progressively shrivels and eventually falls off on its own, revealing the healed umbilicus underneath. During this healing period, keeping the stump clean and dry is important to prevent infection.
Common Characteristics and Care
The appearance of the umbilicus varies significantly among individuals, with common variations often referred to as “innies” or “outies.” An “innie” describes a concave navel that indents inward, which is the most common type, while an “outie” refers to a navel that protrudes outward. These differences are largely determined by how the skin heals after the umbilical cord detaches and are typically normal anatomical variations.
For routine hygiene, the umbilicus can be cleaned with mild soap and water during showering or bathing. For “innies,” a cotton swab can be used gently to clean inside the indentation. After washing, it is important to thoroughly dry the area to prevent moisture buildup, which can contribute to odor or bacterial growth.