Chamomile plants, with their delicate, daisy-like flowers and apple-like fragrance, are popular in gardens and for herbal teas. They are easy to cultivate and have a pleasant aroma.
Chamomile Varieties and Their Typical Size
The term “chamomile” refers to two distinct types: German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla or Matricaria recutita) and Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). These varieties exhibit different growth habits and mature sizes.
German Chamomile is an annual plant. It typically grows with an upright, bushy form, reaching heights of 1 to 3 feet (30 to 90 centimeters) and spreading about 8 to 18 inches (20 to 45 centimeters) wide. Its flowers appear abundantly on these taller stems.
Roman Chamomile, in contrast, is a perennial. This variety is characterized by its low-growing, spreading habit, often forming a dense, mat-like groundcover. Roman Chamomile plants typically grow between 3 to 12 inches (7 to 30 centimeters) in height. While its individual spread can be around 12 inches (30 centimeters), it can spread aggressively by creeping stems, covering areas up to 36 inches (90 centimeters) or more under favorable conditions. Its ability to form a fragrant carpet makes it a popular choice for planting between stepping stones or as a lawn substitute.
Factors Influencing Chamomile Size
Several environmental and cultural elements influence the ultimate size a chamomile plant achieves.
Adequate sunlight is a primary factor, as chamomile generally thrives in full sun (at least six hours of direct sunlight daily). Insufficient light can lead to leggy and less robust plants, compromising their overall size and density. In very hot climates, afternoon shade can protect delicate blooms from scorching.
Well-draining soil is important for healthy growth, preventing root issues. While chamomile can tolerate poorer soil types, organic matter like compost provides nutrients that support vigorous growth and prevents floppy stems. The plant prefers a neutral soil pH, typically ranging from 5.6 to 7.5.
Consistent watering is important, particularly for young plants as they establish their root systems. Once mature, chamomile becomes more drought-tolerant, but prolonged dry spells or overwatering can negatively impact its size and health. Moderate temperatures are ideal, with German chamomile preferring 60 to 80°F (15 to 27°C) and Roman chamomile favoring cooler summers. Extreme heat or cold can limit growth and cause stress. Proper spacing between plants is important to avoid overcrowding, which can lead to competition for light, water, and nutrients, resulting in smaller plants.
Managing Chamomile Size in Your Garden
Gardeners can manage chamomile plant size to suit their landscape needs.
Proper spacing at planting is key; German chamomile benefits from being spaced approximately 8 inches (20 centimeters) apart in rows about 18 inches (45 centimeters) apart. Roman chamomile, with its spreading habit, generally requires spacing of 8 to 12 inches (20 to 30 centimeters) between plants. Providing adequate room ensures each plant receives sufficient resources for healthy development.
Regular pruning and deadheading are effective practices for maintaining desired plant dimensions. For German chamomile, consistently removing spent flowers encourages more blooms and promotes a bushier, fuller appearance. Roman chamomile, often used as a groundcover, benefits from light trimming or occasional mowing to maintain a dense, tidy mat and control its spread.
Growing chamomile in containers offers a way to limit its size, as the pot restricts root growth. Select a container at least 6 inches (15 centimeters) deep with adequate drainage holes. Manage soil moisture, ensure well-draining conditions, and provide appropriate nutrients without over-fertilizing to maintain healthy plants.